Social Cognitive Theory and Ecological Models - Slides | HNFE 4644, Study notes of Public Health

Download Social Cognitive Theory and Ecological Models - Slides | HNFE 4644 and more Study notes Public Health in PDF only on Docsity! SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY & ECOLOGICAL MODELS Reading: Chapter 8 (Glanz) Lecture 9 Objectives for this week • Final thoughts on goal setting • Social Cognitive Theory (Social Cognitive Theory) • Ecological and Social Ecological models Examples of Goals • Outcome: lose 15lbs by May • Target behavior: caloric reduction – Goal: Client would like to eat more F&V – Goal: Client will eat 3 servings of F each day & 2 servings of V. – Goal: Client will replace two typical snacks (chips or sweets) with 1 piece of fruit. Client will eat 1 serving of V with lunch and dinner. Client will eat 1 serving of fruit as snack prior to bed. Examples of Goals • Target behavior: reduce alcohol consumption – Goal: Client will have no more than 2 drinks when out with friends – Goal: Client will not go to bars with friends for 2 weeks. (Substitute alternative activity) History of Social Cognitive Theory • Early framework included self-efficacy, but not until 1995 does Bandura place self-efficacy as a major construct for aspects of social change. • Overtime, major and minor changes in the development of Social Cognitive Theory – Change in theory is necessary to better understand the behaviors of interest Social Cognitive Theory in Health Behaviors • Synthesizes cognitive, emotional, and behavioral understandings of behavior change • The constructs and process identified by Social Cognitive Theory suggest many important avenues for new behavioral research and practices in health education. • Social Cognitive Theory permits application of theoretical ideas developed in other disciplines such as psychology to health behaviors Assumptions of Social Cognitive Theory • Assumes interaction of personal factors, behavior, and the environment • Assumes reciprocation • Assumes behavior is dynamic • Assumes behavior is rational Reciprocal Determinism Social Cognitive Theory Constructs Construct Definition Environment Factors physically external to person Situation Person’s perception of environment Behavioral capability Knowledge and skill to perform a given behavior Expectations Anticipatory outcomes of a behavior Expectancies The values that the person places on a given outcome; incentives Self-control Personal regulation of goal-directed behavior or performance Observational learning Behavioral acquisition that occurs by watching the actions & outcomes of others’ behavior Reinforcements Responses to person’s behavior that increase or decrease the likelihood of reoccurrence Self-efficacy The person’s confidence in performing a particular behavior and in overcoming barriers that behavior Emotional coping responses Strategies or tactics that are used by a person to deal with emotional stimuli Reciprocal determinism The dynamic interaction of the person, behavior and the environment in which the behavior is performed Applications • Social Cognitive Theory used extensively in PA and nutrition interventions – GIMME 5! – Healthy Plannet – CATCH – Champs (Stanford Aging Program) • Used in other health behaviors – Diabetes Management – Alcohol Consumption • Project Northland Definitions • Environment: space outside of the person • Behavior Setting: social and physical situations in which behavior occurs. Definitions Term Definition Behavior Setting Social & Physical situations in which behaviors take place Ecological models of health behaviors Models proposing that behaviors are influence by intrapersonal, sociocultural, policy, and physical-environmental factors; these variables are likely to interact and multiple levels of environmental variables are described that are relevant for understanding and changing health behaviors Ecological perspective Approaches to understanding health behavior by focusing on the nature of people’s transactions with their physical and sociocultural surroundings Ecological psychology Study of the influence of the outside environment on the person Environment The space outside the person, contrasted with intrapersonal variables Health promotive environment Environmental factors that may facilitate or hinder health behavior changes Policy Legislative, regulatory, or policymaking actions that have the potential to affect health behaviors, sometimes unintentionally; policies are sociocultural influences that can alter physical environments Social ecology Study of the influences of social context on behaviors, including institutional and cultural variables Ecological Model Individual Family Community Broader Societal Context Multitude of Multiples • Multiple behaviors of interest • Multiple proposed factors or influences • Multiple types of environmental influences • Include Multi-sectoral groups (both study participants and research team) • Multilevel interventions • Implementation at multiple levels • Measurement & Statistical models are multi- level Ecological Models & Health Behavior • PA, nutrition, smoking, and diabetes self- management: – Individual approaches to treatment and prevention generally ineffective on their own – Successful self-management of behavior change is dependent on environmental context of individual – Need to recognize environmental, community, and policy aspects of treatment & prevention (smoking, obesity) – Need to move towards trans-disciplinary models and collaborations Sallis & Owen, In Glanz et al. 2002 King, et al. 2003 Fisher, et al. 2005 Corbett, K. K., 2001 Behavior-Specific Ecological Models • Can help set priorities for action • Guides planning as complex variables are set in a conceptual framework – Pursue those behaviors that are protested to have the most impact • Development of trans-disciplinary model – Learning's form other fields – Recognize and address that continuum Sallis & Owen, In Glanz et al. King, et al. 2003; Am J Prev Med