Social Learning Theory - Criminological Theory - Lecture Slides, Slides of Criminology

Download Social Learning Theory - Criminological Theory - Lecture Slides and more Slides Criminology in PDF only on Docsity! Social Learning Theory  Edwin Sutherland (1947) Differential Association  Sykes and Matza (1957) Techniques of Neutralization  Burgess and Akers (1968) Differential Reinforcement Theory  Akers (1973-present) Social Learning Theory Docsity.com Differential Association • Edwin Sutherland – Ph.D from University of Chicago, 1913 – Focused on Chicago School question: how are delinquent cultures “transmitted” across generations? Published and revised in his textbook from 1934-1947 • Differential Association – A “general theory” for all types of crime – Final version stated in nine “principles” Docsity.com Sykes and Matza • “Techniques of Neutralization” • Attempt to elaborate Sutherland’s theory – Denial of victim – Denial of injury – Condemn the condemners – Appeal to higher loyalties • Not attitudes that require crime, but rather excuse or justify in some cases Docsity.com D.A. to “Social Learning” • Burgess and Akers (1966) – “Differential Reinforcement Theory” – Added Operant conditioning (reinforcers/punishers) • Akers’ Social Learning Theory (1973-present) – Added “Vicarious learning,” made modifications Docsity.com Concepts in S.L.T. • Differential Association • Definitions • Differential Reinforcement • Imitation Docsity.com Pro-Criminal Attitudes • Why a measure of S.L.? • Strength of relationship? R’s > .4 • Criticism CAUSAL ORDERING: Rationalization are simply post-hoc excuses, they do not “cause” crime, but only allow the criminal to wiggle out of trouble Docsity.com Beyond Surveys • Establishing causation via experiments with offenders – What is the policy implication of S.L.T.? – Measure both “intermediate objectives” and long- term outcomes Docsity.com Don Andrews (1980) • Group treatment for Prisoners and Probationers – Manipulated content (definitions), group leaders (quality of role model), and self-management – Reductions in recidivism ranged from 10-25% Docsity.com