Concepts and Theories in Natural Selection and Evolution, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Concepts and Theories in Natural Selection and Evolution and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 4 Facts describing natural selection DEFINITION 1 1. Traits vary Maternal behavior Affiliative behavior Aggressive behavior etc. 2. Some of that variability is inherited Domestication Aggressive behavior of rats Shar-Peis vs Shih Tzus (Shar-Peis bred to be aggressive, Shih Tzus bred to be moving carpets) 3. Reproduction increases population beyond the carrying capacity of the environment Human populationcan't expand the way it is because we have a carrying capacity R and K selective species 4. Not all individuals survive and reproduce. Most dominant female is the one that get the most food, mate w the best male, and produce the most healthy offspring. Social ranking plays a factor. There is a graph showing that a lot of hyenas in a population came from pretty much 3 hyenas. TERM 2 1 Inference describing natural selection DEFINITION 2 Heritable traits that increase survival and reproduction will increase in a population and when that population reaches its limit those heritable traits will increase in the population. TERM 3 R selective species DEFINITION 3 Reach sexual maturity quickly then have large influxes and many die off.Part of natural selection TERM 4 K selective species DEFINITION 4 Takes a long time to reach sexual maturity, carrying capacity is reached a lot more slowly. Ex. are humansPart of natural selection TERM 5 Malthus DEFINITION 5 Wrote about carrying capacity of all humans. Darwin extended that theory to all species. TERM 6 Digital evolution DEFINITION 6 Can see the process of evolution over a computer. Evolution simulation. TERM 7 Disagreement between Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin on evolution DEFINITION 7 Wallace claims that primitive people have more brain than they need and that can't be explained by natural selection. Not so much a religious view as it is a logical view. Darwin thinks that main is descended from hairy, tailed, quadruped, probably arboreal in its habits. TERM 8 Sexual selection DEFINITION 8 Differential mating: Intrasexual: Selection within same sex (ram's fight, winner mates) Intersexual: Selection across sex (winning ram can only mate w the female if it makes it up some large hill) (Hyenas mating w high ranking females) Ex. Elephant seals (intrasexual) Peacocks (intersexual)Related to natural selection because only the most fit from each gender pass on their genes. TERM 9 Robert Trivers DEFINITION 9 Said that parents who invest less for offspring from each gender will compete more for mates. Parents who invest more into their offspring are more selective. There is a much higher amount of sperm than eggs, so females are usually more selective. TERM 10 Watson and Crick DEFINITION 10 Figured out structure of what is inherited (DNA). Helped understand where variability came from. Led to a better understanding of where phenotypes come from TERM 21 Mosaic evolution DEFINITION 21 Just one region in brain can enlarge w/o any collateral effects.Ex. Acorn woodpeckers have a larger hippocampal region to remember where they store acorns. TERM 22 Finlay and Darlington DEFINITION 22 Said that the brain has been primarily concerted because brain systems are linked. Measured 10 brain regions in 6 groups of distantly related animals, found that volume of one brain region predicts the size of another. TERM 23 Encephalization quotient DEFINITION 23 (EQ)Relative brain size measure. Defined by ratio between actual brain size and predicted brain mass. Theorizes approximate intelligence level of a species. TERM 24 Gene flow DEFINITION 24 Movement of genes from one population to another, could introduce a new allele to a population. TERM 25 Altruism examples DEFINITION 25 Fruit bats acting as midwivesVervet monkeys helping eachother sleep and calling out for dangerHumpback whales redirecting seals being targeted by a killer whale.