Socialization - Sociological Imagination - Lecture Slides, Slides of Sociology

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Chapter 3 Socialization docsity.com Questions for you…  Which agents of socialization have had the greatest impact on your development?  Family  Education  Peer Group  The Media  Religion docsity.com Socialization  The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.  Socialization is the essential link between the individual and society.  Socialization is the process through which we become human. docsity.com Why Socialization Is Important  Teaches us ways to think, talk and act that are necessary for social living.  Ensures that members of society are socialized to support the existing social structure.  Allows society to pass culture on to the next generation. docsity.com Life-Long Process  Children need to be surrounded by people who care for them, interact with them and provide for their basic needs. This is essential for complete growth and development.  Children who are isolated, abused or neglected may experience long term developmental challenges. docsity.com How Much Do You Know About Socialization and the College Experience? True or False? In recent studies, few students report that they spend time studying with other students. docsity.com How Much Do You Know About Socialization and the College Experience?  False.  A recent study reported in The Chronicle of Higher Education found that 87.7 percent of first-year students at four-year colleges stated that they studied with other students. Similar data are not available for students at two-year schools.  Would this percentage be higher, lower, or about the same at two-year and community colleges? docsity.com Human Development Each of us is a product of two forces: 1. Heredity- “nature” • Determines our physical makeup. 2. Social environment -“nurture.” • Determines how we develop and behave. docsity.com Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development 3. Concrete operational stage (7 to 11) - children think in terms of tangible objects and events. 4. Formal operational stage (12 and up) - adolescents begin to think about the future and evaluate different courses of action. docsity.com Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning 1. Preconventional level (7 to 10) Children’s perceptions are based on punishment and obedience. 2. Conventional level (10 to adult) People are concerned with how they are perceived by peers and how one conforms to rules. docsity.com Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning 3. Postconventional level (few adults reach this stage) People view morality in terms of individual rights; “moral conduct” is judged by principles based on human rights that transcend government and laws. docsity.com Mead and Role-taking The self is divided into “I” and “Me”:  “I” represents the unique traits of each person.  “Me” is composed of the demands of others and the awareness of those demands.  “I” develops first. “Me” is formed during three stages of self development. docsity.com Mead’s Three Stages of Self-Development 1. Preparatory Stage (up to age 3) Children prepare for role-taking by imitating the people around them. 2. Play Stage (3 - 5) Children begin to see themselves in relation to others. docsity.com Mead’s Three Stages of Self-Development 3. Game Stage (early school years) Children understand their social position and the positions of those around them. Children become concerned about the demands and expectations of others. docsity.com Polling Question  Which agent of socialization do you think is the most responsible for gender differences in how males and females are socialized? A. The family B. Religion C. The peer group D. Education E. Mass media docsity.com Functionalist Perspective: Functions of Schools  Teach students to be productive members of society.  Transmit culture.  Social control and personal development.  Select, train, and place individuals on different rungs in society. docsity.com Conflict Perspective: Schools  Experiences depend on social class, racial–ethnic background, gender, and other factors.  Children learn to be neat, punctual, quiet, wait their turn, and remain attentive to their work.  Schools socialize children for later roles in the work force. docsity.com Quick Quiz docsity.com 1. Socialization is essential for: A. the individual's survival and for human development. B. all of the choices. C. the survival and stability of society. D. society to learn how to reproduce itself. docsity.com Answer: B  Socialization is essential for the individual's survival and for human development, the survival and stability of society and for society to learn how to reproduce itself. docsity.com 3. Kohlberg's research classified moral reasoning into three sequential levels as follows: A. id, ego, superego B. imagination, imitation, and simulation C. preparatory, play, game D. preconventional, conventional, postconventional docsity.com Answer: D  Kohlberg's research classified moral reasoning into three sequential levels, preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. docsity.com 4. The ________ by Charles Horton Cooley refers to the way in which a person's sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others. A. generalized other B. reference group self C. Looking-glass self D. ego docsity.com