Soil Science: Key Figures and Definitions, Quizzes of Agricultural engineering

Download Soil Science: Key Figures and Definitions and more Quizzes Agricultural engineering in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Jan Baptista van Helmont DEFINITION 1 The willow tree experimentThought that the tree was made with water, incorrect but it got the ball rolling on thinking about soils. TERM 2 Justice von Leibig DEFINITION 2 German ChemistBurn plants and analyze ash. He also tried to describe air.He determined some fertilizer elements; P, KWanted to create fertilizerrecommendations. TERM 3 Edaphology DEFINITION 3 Study of soils from its ability to sustain plants. TERM 4 Pedology DEFINITION 4 The study of soils by itself as a body, without thought to plants. TERM 5 E.W. Hilgard DEFINITION 5 U.S. Soils Scientist 1860determined the 5 factors of soil formation. TERM 6 Factors of Soil Formation DEFINITION 6 1. Climate - moisture, temp.2. Biosphere - plants, animals3. Parent Material - rock mass formed from4. Topography - slope, aspect5. Time TERM 7 V.V. Dokuchaiev DEFINITION 7 Russian Soil ScientistThe first soil classification system TERM 8 Dokuchaiev Classification System DEFINITION 8 1. Zonal Soils - Normal/Typical2. Intrazonal - transitional between zonals3. Azonal - immature/abnormal (sand dunes) TERM 9 U.S. Soil Classification System DEFINITION 9 started in 1951, 7th approximation later...12 orders1999 - last change to what we use todayorder, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, series, phase TERM 10 1930's Big Events DEFINITION 10 Great DepressionDust bowlFDR was president. TERM 21 Soil Profile: B Horizon DEFINITION 21 "the zone of accumulation"illuvial horizon where clay particles and other mineral and some organic matter willaccumulate. TERM 22 Physical Weathering: Temperature Effects DEFINITION 22 heating and freezing case particles to expand and contract causing cracking that creates sand/soil. TERM 23 Physical Weathering: Grinding Action DEFINITION 23 Landslideanimalswindhailwater TERM 24 Physical Weathering: Organisms DEFINITION 24 moss, algae, lichen TERM 25 Chemical Weathering: Hydrolysis DEFINITION 25 reaction of mineral with water. TERM 26 Chem. Weathering: (De)Hydration DEFINITION 26 combing of a mineral with water TERM 27 Chem. Weathering: Carbonation DEFINITION 27 composed of acidic processes TERM 28 Chem. Weathering: Oxidation-Reduction DEFINITION 28 chemical combining of oxygen with a mineral TERM 29 Chem. Weathering: Solution DEFINITION 29 dissolving in water TERM 30 Paleosol DEFINITION 30 not a soil order. A soil that formed under a previous (different conditions) climatic regime. They are like the Dinosaurs of soils. TERM 31 Relict Soil DEFINITION 31 exposed palesol TERM 32 Anthrosol DEFINITION 32 man made soil, man has had a huge impact and changed native soil. TERM 33 < 0.002 DEFINITION 33 Clay TERM 34 0.002 - 0.05 DEFINITION 34 Silt TERM 35 0.05 - 2.0 DEFINITION 35 Sand TERM 46 Structure Types: Granular DEFINITION 46 very porous spherodial peds. A horizons TERM 47 Structure: Type DEFINITION 47 Type means shape.There are four types of structural units TERM 48 Structure: Class DEFINITION 48 Class means size.very fine, fine, medium, coarse, very coarse TERM 49 Structure: Grade DEFINITION 49 Means strength.How easily the peds disintegrate when crushed.weak, moderate, strong TERM 50 Soil Color: Hue DEFINITION 50 Technical term for what is commonly called color and refers to the dominant spectral color.Reds and Yellows mostly . TERM 51 Soil Color: Value DEFINITION 51 The amount of reflected light. TERM 52 Soil Color: Chroma DEFINITION 52 The purity of the color or the range of other wavelengths of color found mixed with the pure color. TERM 53 Smallest amount of clay a soil can have and still be clay? DEFINITION 53 40% clay TERM 54 Smallest amount of silt a soil can have and still be silt? DEFINITION 54 80% silt TERM 55 Smallest amount of sand a soil may have and still be sand? DEFINITION 55 85% sand TERM 56 Metamorphic equivalent of granite DEFINITION 56 Gneiss TERM 57 Metamorphic equivalent of limestone? DEFINITION 57 marble TERM 58 Metamorphic equivalent of shale? DEFINITION 58 slate TERM 59 Igneous Rock DEFINITION 59 light: quartz, muscovite, and feldspars.dark: biotite, augite, and hornblende.more easily weathered. TERM 60 Sedimentary Rocks DEFINITION 60 When weathering products are released from older rocks and collect under water as sediment andreconsolidateinto rock.sandstone and shale