Understanding Soil and Plant Nutrients: Definitions and Composition, Quizzes of Gardening and Horticulture

Download Understanding Soil and Plant Nutrients: Definitions and Composition and more Quizzes Gardening and Horticulture in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Explain Soil and Plant Nutrients DEFINITION 1 Outer layer of plant crust which has the capability of sustaining plant growth TERM 2 What kinds of Ability does Soil has? DEFINITION 2 -anchor plants-hold water-provide nutrient-house microorganisms-serve as a water filter-absorb and produce gases-provide geologic history TERM 3 What are the three types of Soil Formations? DEFINITION 3 1.Parent Material-Bedrock2.Weathering process3.Reduction in particle sizes TERM 4 Parent Material-Bedrock DEFINITION 4 Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic TERM 5 Reduction in particle sizes DEFINITION 5 1.Primary Minerals- insert particles such as sand and silt2.Secondary Minerals-highly charged particle such as clay (<.002mm) TERM 6 What are the different zone layer in soil? DEFINITION 6 A horizon-leeching and intensive weathering. Organic matter accum.B horizon-accumulation of products from A horizon. Moderate weather 65 to 90 cm (25 to 36 in.)C horizon-zone of parent material. Slight weathering 90+cm (36+in.)Parent rock TERM 7 What are the basic Soil composition? DEFINITION 7 1.Mineral Matter-from parent material-primary minerals- Secondary minerals (charged particles)2.Organic Matter- Decaying plant and animal residue3. Water4. Air TERM 8 What are the two types of soil properties? DEFINITION 8 1.Physical2.Chemical TERM 9 Physical Properties:Soil Texture DEFINITION 9 1.Relative amounts of sand silt and clay in soil2.Relative sizes of particles:-Sand=2~.05mm-Silt=.05~.002mm-Clay= <.002mm3.Obtained by particle size distribution TERM 10 Soil Structure DEFINITION 10 Manner in which clay particles are arranged to form clods or peds-Blocky-Columnar-Prismatic-Platy-Angular- TERM 21 H+ > Ca++ > Mg++> K+ > NH4+ > Na+ DEFINITION 21 Cation Exchange TERM 22 Levels of Soil Moisture DEFINITION 22 -Too much-Field Capacity-Desirable levels-Permanent wilting point-Too little TERM 23 Soil Moisture Levels types of water DEFINITION 23 1.Crystalline water2.Hygroscopic water3. Capillary water4. Gravitational water TERM 24 Explain field Capacity in Soil moisture DEFINITION 24 Field CapacityThe capillary pores are full and remaining pore space is filled with air TERM 25 Explain Wilting point in Soil Moisture DEFINITION 25 Wilting pointThe water available to plant is exhausted TERM 26 Explain Gravitational Water in Soil Moisture DEFINITION 26 Gravitational waterThe pore spaces are filled with water in excess of their capillary capacity and the excess, or gravitational water, drains downward. TERM 27 Explain Capillary water in Soil moisture DEFINITION 27 Capillary wateris held in the pore space against the force of gravity. TERM 28 Field Capacity DEFINITION 28 Maximum amount of water a soil can hold after surface runoff and gravitational drainage TERM 29 Permanent Wilting Point (PwP) DEFINITION 29 Point at which incipient plasmolysis has taken place and plant will not recover TERM 30 Soil Fertility DEFINITION 30 Dependent on-pH-CEC-Soil Moisture-Nutrient Availability TERM 31 Plant Nutrients DEFINITION 31 1. 16 Essential Elements 2. Macronutrients-primary=C, H, O, N, P, K-Secondary=Ca, Mg, S3. Micronutrients-Fe, Mn, B, Cu, Zn, Mo, CI TERM 32 Plant Nutrients DEFINITION 32 Fron Atmospher and water-C=Carbon-H-Hydrogen-Oxygen TERM 33 Plant Nutrients from the addition of fertilizers: DEFINITION 33 N=NitrogenP=PhosphorusK=PotassiumCa=CalciumMg=MagnesiumS=Sulfur TERM 34 Role of Nitrogen DEFINITION 34 1. Proteins2. Amino acids3. Nucleic acids4. Chlorophyll TERM 35 Nitrogen in Soil DEFINITION 35 Obtaned by N cycle-Amendments such as compost -Organic matterAdded as NH4+ or NO3- TERM 46 Organic DEFINITION 46 Derived from plant and animal by-products. Examples: Manure Blood meal Bone meal Sewage sludge TERM 47 Organic-Characteritics DEFINITION 47 Low analysis Low burn potential More material required per given rate May contain heavy metals such as cadmium and manganese TERM 48 Synthetic Organic DEFINITION 48 High analysis Slow release Manufactured in combination with an organic carrier Low burn potential Use more material at higher rate to last longer Expensive TERM 49 Examples (Synthetic organic) DEFINITION 49 Urea Ureaform - Ureaformaldehyde IBDU Isobutylidene di- urea SCU sulfur coated urea TERM 50 Inorganic- Characteritics DEFINITION 50 High analysis High burn potential Use less material per given rate TERM 51 Examples (inorganic) DEFINITION 51 Ammonium sulfate Ammonium nitrate Calcium nitrate Ammonium phosphate Gypsum Epsom salts TERM 52 Formulation DEFINITION 52 Liquids Soluble powder Granules Tablets TERM 53 Fertilizer content DEFINITION 53 100# bag of 10-20-30 contains: 10# of N 20# of phosphate (P2O5) 30# of potash (K2O) TERM 54 Methods of application DEFINITION 54 Topdressing Pre-plant incorporation Side dressing Needle/Drill - subsurface Foliar Injection