Understanding Inclusion and Disability in Early Childhood Education, Exams of Laboratory Practices and Management

Download Understanding Inclusion and Disability in Early Childhood Education and more Exams Laboratory Practices and Management in PDF only on Docsity! 1 [Date] Special Needs Appropriate Practices (SNP) DCF Over 100 Terms and Correct Answers . ADA means - ANS Federal law that prohibits discrimination based upon mental or physical disability. Disability means - ANS The result of any physical or mental condition that affects or prevents one's ability to develop, achieve, and/or function in an educational setting at a normal rate. IDEA means - ANS Federal law that requires all states to provide a free appropriate education to eligible children and youth with disabilities. Inclusion means - ANS The philosophy that all children have the right to be included with their peers in all age appropriate activities throughout life; accommodating all students in the natural environments they would otherwise be in if not a child with special needs. Mainstreaming - ANS Children with special needs - based in special education class settings - earn the right to join peers in typical education classes by demonstrating ability to "keep up" with workload. Usually limited to the one or two subject areas at which the child excels. This term is no longer Used. Multidisciplinary - ANS A team approach involving specialists from more than One discipline, such as a team made up of a physical therapist, a speech and language pathologist, a child development specialist, an occupational therapist, or other specialists as needed. Natural Environment - ANS (Caring for a child with special needs in) home and Community settings in which children without disabilities participate; the day-to-day settings, routines and activities that promote learning for all children. Also, incorporating therapeutic activities into daily activities to avoid disturbing the normal daily routine of the child. Related services - ANS Transportation and development, corrective and other support services that are required by a child with special needs in order for them to benefit from education. Examples include speech/language pathology and audiology, psychological services, physical and occupational therapy, recreation, counseling services, interpreters for those with hearing impairments, medical services for diagnostic and evaluation purposes and assistive technology devices and services. Student with disability - ANS Children whose development or health is viewed 2 [Date] By parents and professionals as atypical. This includes children with mental, physical, sensory, emotional/ behavioral, medical and other special needs. Support Services - ANS Agencies and organizations that offer various types Of educational and ancillary resources for children with special needs and their families. Agencies such as Head Start, Agency for Persons with Disabilities, Subsidized Child Care, Child Care Resource and Referral Network and Florida Directory of Early Childhood Services Central Directory Network, and Children's Forum offering a variety of related services Trans disciplinary - ANS A model that uses teaching, learning, and sharing of Information across disciplinary boundaries enabling one team member, along with the family, to carry out intervention strategies for a child with special needs. People First Language give appropriate term from this inappropriate term: "Handicapped People" - ANS Person with a disability or special needs People First Language give appropriate term from this inappropriate term: "Crippled" - ANS Person with a physical disability People First Language give appropriate term from this inappropriate term: "Deaf boy" - ANS Boy with hearing loss or impaired People First Language give appropriate term from this inappropriate term: "CP victim" - ANS Person with Cerebral Palsy People First Language give appropriate term from this inappropriate term: "Confined to a wheelchair" - ANS Child who uses wheelchair People First Language give appropriate term from this inappropriate term: "AIDS Carrier or "Suffers with...” - ANS Person with AIDS or Person who has ... Invisibility - ANS keeping people with special needs out of sight; not noticing them or not talking to them. Infantilizing - ANS treating a person with special needs as incapable of basic life skills and completely dependent. Objectifying - ANS seeing only a person's disability rather than seeing the whole person who happens to have special needs. Inclusive child care setting/environment means - ANS changing layout or adding new books/pictures (with disability for good role model), teaching aids that will accommodate child with special needs 5 [Date] That will be provided. • In Florida, Part B services (ages 3 to 21) are administered through the Florida Department of Education. IDEA specifies that each state - ANS must have policies and procedures to ensure confidentiality of any personal information collected under the IDEA Act. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) also specifies what is - ANS allowable access to educational records. How do children benefit with inclusion? - ANS Normal environment, make friends How do families benefit with inclusion? - ANS Peace of mind, good IEP for child, less stress, How do child care providers benefit with inclusion? - ANS learn new challenges and encourage all children to accept each other, learn and grow professionally How does the community benefit with inclusion? - ANS less stress, better education. Helps paints to raise children in a healthy environment. Confidentiality is protected by - ANS IDEA Act, Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), NAEYC no sharing personal information collected under the IDEA Act. A sound understanding of typical development patterns And milestones helps us support all children as they learn and develop. This knowledge enables - ANS us to recognize a child who may be struggling in a particular area. What are the six development principles of child development? - ANS 1. Young children develop rapidly and simultaneously throughout the body. E.g. babbling to words to sentences. 2. There are identifiable stages and patterns of development, but there is tremendous individual variation in typical child development. E.g. child waves predict writing future. 3. Typically, each child develops at a unique rate. E.g. Twins one rides at 3 the other one at 4. 4. In a typical child, progress is irregular. E.g. rolls to scoots to crawling to scooting 5. Early experience and opportunities to practice matter, if a child is to develop typically. E.g. parallel play to Associative Play to Cooperative Play to Friendship 6. Social & cultural "rules" influence what the child learns e.g. how to greet each other (bow, handshake, wave, kiss, hug) What is usually meant by the term "developmental delay"? - ANS Children who have not achieved skills and abilities that are expected to be mastered by children of the same age. Developmental disability - ANS - A chronic condition that is diagnosed in childhood and Substantially limits major life activities in adulthood. 6 [Date] Early intervention - ANS Appropriate support in the first three years of life of a child with special needs is called ___________________, and the sooner intervention services begin, the better. Physical Health and Motor Development Domains delays - ANS involve increased physical growth and abilities Cognitive Development & General Knowledge and Approaches to Learning Domains delays - ANS which include thinking, planning, creating, exploring And questioning. Language & Communication Domain delays - ANS includes a child's ability to see, hear, speak, read and write. Social & Emotional Domain of Development delays - ANS is defined by forming relationships and attachments. Congenital disorders - ANS are any diseases, disorders or abnormalities that were present when the child was born. Examples include everything from birthmarks to cystic fibrosis. Genetic/chromosomal abnormalities - ANS happen when the number or structure of a baby's Chromosomes is not normal. Down syndrome is caused by a chromosomal abnormality. Sensory impairment - ANS refers to deafness, blindness, deaf-blindness and any other disorder or disease of the five senses. Toxic substances - ANS disorders are due to exposure to ____ ______, such as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, which can cause life-long hearing and vision problems, mental retardation and physical deformities. Injury or illness - ANS Disorders due to ____ __ _____ can also cause developmental delay. For example, a head injury can cause problems with memory and calculation, which might cause a delay in a child's Ability to add and subtract. List ways that child care programs can be inclusive and support children with developmental disabilities. - ANS use Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP) • establish a routine and schedule • Foster friendships • nurture language development • facilitate imaginative play • assist families in meeting their children's needs 7 [Date] The best way to guide the behavior of children with developmental disabilities is to use positive behavior supports (Prevention, redirection, Positive reinforcements while providing developmentally appropriate individualized care. Prevention - ANS is a strategy that stops challenging behaviors before they begin, and it is the primary method child care professionals use to encourage children to discard these behaviors. Redirection - ANS _ is a strategy that is used to guide children's behavior by recognizing challenging behavior at its earliest stages and taking steps to stop it from escalating. Positive reinforcement - ANS _ is a strategy in which desired behaviors are rewarded so that the child is encouraged to repeat them. DAP = - ANS "Ages and Stages" List three main aspects of DAP. - ANS 1. General knowledge of child development, or what you know about how children develop and learn. - you can develop activities, routines and strategies that meet the needs of children in the age ranges and stages of development that you serve. DAP should be interesting, Safe and achievable, yet challenging for the children in your care. 2. Specific knowledge of a particular child, or what you know about the strengths, needs And interests of individual children. - observe the children to determine if they are simply lagging behind and will probably catch up or if they have more serious issues that require intervention and accommodations 3. Knowledge of social and cultural context, or, what you know about the social and cultural context in which their children live. - Activities based on DAP should relate to children's Past experiences so that strategies and content build on what is familiar to children and their Families. If DAP is being used, you should see children enjoying appropriate, meaningful _______, Active learning through _______ incorporating DAP, and nurturing, supportive ________. - ANS experiences, activities, relationships Active learning - ANS means that children learn during the activity by doing. Meaningful experiences - ANS means that children have a fun and memorable time during an activity. The experience relates to their developmental level, cultural background and individual interests. For example, a toddler activity on pets would have more meaning than endangered species. Using water for cooking, cleaning and play has more meaning than "Great Waterways of the World." Likewise, the topics on endangered species and waterways of the world are more appropriate for older children. 10 [Date] Motor Impairments - keep floor free of area rugs, give extra time to complete task, child is properly positioned, aligned and supported. 8. Social/Emotional - teach children alternative ways to express themselves and proper ways to communicate frustration, se clear limits and stick to them, limit choices, provide a mix of calm and active activities. Give a list so ways to modify typical classroom activities to accommodate different special needs: - ANS 36" pathways, special utilizes, visuals with colors and shapes, fully accessible bathroom, rehearsal of fire drills Phineas is very sensitive to food textures. His parents have asked that you try to introduce new foods at snack time, but not at breakfast or lunch. Why? - ANS Rejecting food at snack time would be less perilous to his overall nutritional health Gordon is a child with ADHD and other behavioral issues. Meal times used to be challenging until his caregiver and Parents decided to... - ANS Serve smaller portions, more often, and allow Gordon to leave the table when he is done Opal is a new child in your center. She has mastered the use of her leg braces and crutch, but maneuvers best When the environment... - ANS Includes a clear path to aid her movement. Nicky takes longer to do most things than other children. Nicky's muscles fatigue easily and it is hard for him to sit up for extended periods of time. At meal times, you believe he will do his best when... - ANS He is using a chair specially designed to support him at the table. Describe "discipline" - ANS Guiding behavior with words or techniques that allude to guiding behavior, teaching what to do and guiding supporting paper. Behavior. Assertiveness & boundary setting. Describe "Punishment" - ANS Consequence to behavior using words or techniques that are those intended to hurt cause bad feelings or meant to shame. Tell child what they did wrong. Fear of negative consequences. What is Conscious Discipline? - ANS based on awareness. Discipline like you would to yourself. What a trigger thoughts? - ANS When you were a child and you did something wrong or right, you remember what your parents/teachers which may affected how you will react to child the same way. E.g. yell, threaten, and reward, time-out to various behaviors. What does the brain stem impact on behavior? - ANS controls instinctual reactions - fight or flight instinctual exactions hitting/pushing lash out or retreat. 11 [Date] What does the limbic system impact on behavior? - ANS Controls emotional reactions - crying whining, happiness, name calling, feeling, joy, blame. What does the cortex impact on behavior? - ANS Controls rational reactions - memory, foresight, morality, negation, bargaining, and children’s brains are still developing until adulthood. What is STAR and how do you use it? - ANS A calming technique. Stop Take a 3 deep breathes And Relax How to use Affirmations? - ANS I feel calm replace negative thoughts with positive. Keep control replace anxiety with “I can handle this". How to wish a child well? - ANS From your heart wish a child well. Be aware of trigger thoughts. Operate from cortex. Other techniques to help gain self-control. - ANS Creating a school family. "I belong here" rituals of absent child, welcome back, Creating a safe place - to use calming techniques Meaningful jobs Encouragement - "WE are all in this together" Activities that disengage stress - high 5's, pinky hugs List problem solving techniques and what to do. - ANS Time Machine - setup time machine in a corner (bean bag, fort) where two children go to turn the clock back travel back in time to come up with alternatives to their behaviors maybe going back to same spot. Instant Replay - It is like a dog over. Stop, focus, thing and practice alternate behaviors. ALSO - Ask "did you like it?" Listen to response Say to the child "go tell (aggressor)” I don't like it when you ...me" Observe - watch the exchange and give guidance. What kinds of assistance are available to you? Or to families? - ANS * Florida Child Care Resource & Referral Network (CCR&R) -give training and technical assistance to child care providers. For families help find child care to meet child's need. *Florida Director of Early Childhood Services - provides information on special needs to childcare provider. *Florida Diagnostic and Learning Resource System Screening (FDLRS) - offer free screening to children and teaches classes to childcare professionals. *Child Find - free screening and evaluation or hearing, vision, speech, behavior. List national agencies that help with special needs/disabilities? - ANS www.nichcy.org 12 [Date] National Council of Independent Living