Public Speaking: Understanding the Communication Process and Effective Listening, Quizzes of Communication and Presentation Skills

Download Public Speaking: Understanding the Communication Process and Effective Listening and more Quizzes Communication and Presentation Skills in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Civility- DEFINITION 1 Care and concern for others, the thoughtful use of language, and the flexibility to see many sides of an issue. TERM 2 Sources of communication. DEFINITION 2 1. Intrapersonal communication: Communication with ourselves via the dialogue that goes on in our heads 2. Interpersonal communication: Communication with other peole thaty ranges from the highly personal to the highly impersonal. Interpersonal communication allows us to establish, maintain, and disengage from relationships with other people. 3. Group communication: Communication among members of a team or a collective about topics such as goals, strategies, and conflict. 4. Mass communication: Communication generated by media organizations that is designed to reach large audiences. 5. Public communication: Communication in which one person gives a speech to other people, most often in a public setting. TERM 3 PUBLIC DIALOGUE The power of ethical public speaking. Public Speaking is unique because the responsibility for the organization, delivery, and flow of communication falls mostly on one person. It also DEFINITION 3 Creates community: we are members of a community and can and do add our voices to the public conversation. 2) Is audience centered: considerate of the positions, values, beliefs and needs of an audience. 3) Encourages ethical dialogue: speakers are responsible for framing the discussion and laying the foundation for future dialogue. TERM 4 Speaking in a public setting DEFINITION 4 We are asked to based on experience and expertise. 2) We decide to speak on matters of importance. 3) You are required to speak in class or at work. TERM 5 the Public Speaking Model DEFINITION 5 ) Context- the environment or situation in which speech occurs 2) Speaker- person who stimulates public dialogue 3) Audience- people speaker addresses 4) Channel- by which the speech is conveyed 5) Message- info conveyed by the speaker 6) Feedback- the signals the speaker recieves from audience 7) Noise- anything that interferes with understanding the message TERM 6 Overview of the speech making process The Canon (rhetoric) DEFINITION 6 1) Invention 2) Arrangement: organization of ideas into a coherent speech (at a minimum includes an introduction, body and conclusion) 3) Style: use of appropriate and effective language 4) Memory: use of time to familiarize yourself with speech and techniques to prompt the recollection of the speech content. Practicing your speech. 5) Delivery: management of verbal and nonverbal elements to communicate a speech to an audience TERM 7 Types of public speaking include DEFINITION 7 1) Informative-speech meant to communicate knowledge about a process, an event, a person, a place or a concept. 2) Invitational- speech that allows the speak to establish a dialogue with an audience to clarify positions, explore issues and ideas, or share beliefs and values. 3) Persuasive-speech whose message attempts to change or reinforce an audiences thoughts, feelings or actions. 4) Special Occasion speeches 5) Although not a type of public speaking, speaking for small groups involves a different setting and has its own requirements. TERM 8 Overcoming nervousness Nervousness in the public speaking setting is natural (part of the fight or flight instinct). To overcome DEFINITION 8 1) Prepare by doing research 2) Practice your speech 3) Realistic about delivery 4) Visualize success 5) Find points of agreement/connection with audience 6) Be a good audience member yourself TERM 9 1) Ethical listening DEFINITION 9 encourages audiences to pay attention to the ethical implications of a message. An ethical listener considers the moral impact of a speakers message on ones self and ones community TERM 10 2) Critical listening DEFINITION 10 listen for the accuracy of a speechs content and the implications of a speakers message. TERM 21 1. Master Statuses DEFINITION 21 1. significant positions occupied by a person within society that affect that persons identity in almost all social situations. a. Age b. Country of origin c. Ethnicity and race d. Physical ability and disability e. Familial status f. Religious orientation g. Group membership h. Sex and Gender. TERM 22 Consider Speaking Environment DEFINITION 22 A. Size, temperature, time of day, etc. B. Physical layout podium or no, stage or no, amplified or no, technology, speaking order, length of speech etc. TERM 23 Standards for evaluating web materials DEFINITION 23 1. Reliable? 2. Authoritative? 3. Current? 4. Complete 5. Relevant? 6. Consistent and unbiased? TERM 24 Plagiarism- DEFINITION 24 presenting another persons words and ideas as your own TERM 25 A. Patchwork- DEFINITION 25 constructing a complete speech that you present as your own from portions of several different sources. TERM 26 B. Global- DEFINITION 26 A. stealing an entire speech from a single source and presenting it as your own. TERM 27 incremental DEFINITION 27 presenting select portions from a single speech as your own. TERM 28 D. Avoiding plagiarism DEFINITION 28 1. Take notes by documenting the source of each idea 2. Cite sources in speech 3. If incomplete cite, cite as much as you can 1. Do your own work and credit to others where credit is due. TERM 29 Modes of Proof (evidence) for claims I. Examples DEFINITION 29 specific instance used to illustrate a concept, problem, experience or issue 1. real 1. hypotheticalTips for using examples 1. Relevance 2. Account for counterexamples 1. Ethical 2. Number of examples TERM 30 Narratives DEFINITION 30 story that re-creates or foretells real or hypothetical events1. Specific point 2. Length 3. Vivid language and appropriate delivery 4. Appropriate for audience TERM 31 Statistics DEFINITION 31 numerical summaries of facts, figures and research findingstips for using statistics Evaluate carefully Use sparingly Translate/Contectualize TERM 32 Testimony DEFINITION 32 opinions or observations of othersps for using testimony ethically and effectively 1. Evaluate credibility 2. Evaluate bias 3. Paraphrase accurately 4. Connect testimony to point TERM 33 definitions I. DEFINITION 33 statement of the exact meaning of a word or phrase TERM 34 Patterns of Reasoning DEFINITION 34 A.Induction reasoning from specific instancesB.Deduction reasoning from general principlesC.Causal reasoning process of reasoning that supports a claim by establishing a cause and effect relationship1.Guidelines for causal reasoninga.Avoid false causesb.Avoid assuming an event has only one causec.Cite evidence to support your cause and effect relationshipsD.Analogical reasoning process of reasoning suggesting that because two conditions or events resemble each other in ways that are certain, they will resemble each other in other ways that are less certain.1.Guidelines for analogical reasoninga. Similarity or strength of comparison TERM 35 Connectives DEFINITION 35 word or phrase used to link ideas in a speech TERM 46 Volume DEFINITION 46 loudness of speakers voice a. Practice getting as loud and soft as you can to explore range b. Pay attention to audience feedback and adjust TERM 47 2. Rate DEFINITION 47 speed at which a speaker speaks a. Practice with pen in mouth to slow down b. Record speech and listen for rate c. Each page should take about 2 minutes TERM 48 3. Pitch and inflection DEFINITION 48 highness or lowness of a speakers voice on a musical scale/ manipulation of pitch a. Record yourself. If too high, take deeper breaths. If monotone, practice delivering with exaggerated pitch. TERM 49 4. Pauses DEFINITION 49 hesitations and brief silences in speech or conversations a. Short, long and spontaneous pauses b. Count silently in head to extend pauses. c. Avoid vocalized pauses (ums, ers, etc.) TERM 50 Articulation DEFINITION 50 Physical process of producing specific sounds to make language intelligible (clarity) a. Practice with pen in mouth TERM 51 6. Pronunciation DEFINITION 51 Saying words correctly a. Check a pronunciation guide TERM 52 7. Dialect DEFINITION 52 pattern of speech shared among ethnic groups or people from specuific geographical locations a. Acknowledge region of birth b. Compare and contrast dialect with vernacular to get audience to see and hear difference c. Define terms d. Soften accent TERM 53 nonverbal components of delivery DEFINITION 53 personal appearance what you wear affects perception by audience 2. eye contact a. Use all 1/3rds of audience b. Find a happy face and focus on them when nervous 3. facial expression a. Practice natural, everyday sorts of facial expression, avoid contrived or exaggerated expression 4. posture a. Stand up straight and place feet shoulder width apart to begin 5. gestures a. Let speech produce the gestures, write the gestures in your outline 6. proxemics use of space (avoid purposeless movement/motion). TERM 54 Preparing and using visual aids DEFINITION 54 1) prepare in advance 2) practice 3) use only when discussing visual aid 4) explain visual aid 5) speak to audience, not visual aid TERM 55 Patterns of organization DEFINITION 55 spatial -chronological -causal -topical TERM 56 Tips for giving effective invitational speeches DEFINITION 56 1. Know your position 2. Use invitational language 3. Allow time for discussion TERM 57 Types of persuasive speeches DEFINITION 57 Fact- speech addresses whether something is verifiably true or not (descriptive; what is or is not the case, not ought or should be the case. Value- speech address the merit or morality of an object, action or belief (should or ought; prescriptive) Policy- speech that addresses what the best course of action or solution to a problem TERM 58 Evidence and Credibility (Ethos) DEFINITION 58 Credibility Audiences perception of a speakers competence and character Competence An audiences view of a speakers intelligence, expertise and knowledge of a subject Character - An audiences view of a speakers sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience. TERM 59 Emotion and persuasion DEFINITION 59 Pathos emotional appeals commonly premised on fear, anger, surprise, sadness, disgust and happiness. TERM 60 Mythos and persuasion DEFINITION 60 Interrelated set of beliefs, attitudes, values and feelings held by members of a particular society or culture Tell part of the story and audience fills in the rest Cultural logic Different cultures have different myths