Psychological Disorders: Abnormality, Anxiety, Mood, and Personality Disorders - Prof. Emm, Study notes of Psychology

Download Psychological Disorders: Abnormality, Anxiety, Mood, and Personality Disorders - Prof. Emm and more Study notes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 14 – Psychological Disorders Statistical Deviance – a criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it occurs infrequently among the members of a population Cultural Deviance – a criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it violates the rules or accepted standards of society Emotional Distress – a criterion of abnormality stating that abnormal behaviors are those that lead to personal distress or emotional upset Dysfunction – a breakdown in normal functioning; abnormal behaviors are those that prevent one from pursuing adaptive strategies Insanity – a legal term usually defined as the inability to understand that certain actions are wrong in a legal or moral sense, at the time of a crime Medical Model – the view that abnormal behavior is symptomatic of an underlying “disease,” which can be “cured” with the appropriate therapy Diagnostic Labeling Effects – the face that labels for psychological problems can become self-fulfilling prophecies; the label may make it difficult to recognize normal behavior when it occurs, and it may actually increase the likelihood that a person will act in an abnormal way DSM-IV-TR – The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition), which is used for the diagnosis and classification of psychological disorders; the DSM-IV-TR is composed of five major rating dimensions, or axes Anxiety Disorders – a class of disorders marked by excessive apprehension and worry that in turn impairs normal functioning Generalized Anxiety Disorder – excessive worrying, or free-floating anxiety, that lasts for at least six months and that cannot be attributed to any single identifiable source Panic Disorder – a condition marked by recurrent discrete episodes or attacks of extremely intense fear or dread Agoraphobia – an anxiety disorder that causes an individual to restrict his or her normal activities; someone suffering from agoraphobia tends to avoid public places out of fear that a panic attack will occur Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – an anxiety disorder that manifests itself through persistent and uncontrollable thoughts, called obsessions, or by the compelling need to perform repetitive acts, called compulsions Phobic Disorder – a highly focused fear of a specific object or situation Social Anxiety Disorder – intense fear of being watched, judged, and embarrassed in social situations Somatoform Disorders – psychological disorders that focus on the physical body Hypochondriasis – a long-lasting preoccupation with the idea that one has developed a serious disease, based on what runs out to be a misinterpretation of normal body reactions Somatization Disorder – a long-lasting preoccupation with body symptoms that have no identifiable physical cause Conversion Disorder – the presence of real physical problems, such as blindness or paralysis, that seem to have no identifiable physical cause Dissociative Disorders – a class of disorders characterized by the separation, or dissociation, of conscious awareness from previous thoughts or memories Dissociative Amnesia – a psychological disorder characterized by an inability to remember important personal information Dissociative Fugue – a loss of personal identity that is often accompanied by a flight from home Dissociative Identity Disorder – a condition in which an individual alternates between what appear to be two or more distinct identities or personalities (also known as multiple personality disorder) Mood Disorders – prolonged and disabling disruptions in emotional state Major Depressive Episode – a type of mood disorder characterized by depressed mood and other symptoms Bipolar Disorder – a type of mood disorder in which the person experiences disordered mood shifts in two directions – from depression to a manic state Manic State – a disordered state in which the person becomes hyperactive, talkative, and has a decreased need for sleep; a person in a manic state may engage in activities that are self-destructive or dangerous Schizophrenia – a class of disorders characterized by fundamental disturbances in thought processes, emotion, or behavior Personality Disorders – chronic or enduring patterns of behavior that lead to significant impairments in social functioning Paranoid Personality Disorder – a personality disorder characterized by pervasive distrust in others Dependent Personality Disorder – a personality disorder characterized by an excessive and persistent need to be taken care of by others