Limited Government and Democracy in the United States: Multiple Choice Questions, Exams of World Politics

Download Limited Government and Democracy in the United States: Multiple Choice Questions and more Exams World Politics in PDF only on Docsity! 2 Straighterline American Government exam 2024 Which one of the following is NOT true of cultural or political beliefs in America. A. America's origins as a wilderness society led to the belief that government is responsible for providing material assistance to its citizens. B. Americans place a greater emphasis than Europeans on personal advancement through education. C. Never has an American majority expressed a willingness to entrust health insurance fully to the government. D. America has a strong individualistic culture/ E. America's individualistic culture has not proven to be an absolute barrier to government assistance. - ANS>> A The United States has certain rules in place to keep politics withing peaceful bounds. These rules include all of the following except. A. Autocracy. B.Democracy. C. Constitutionalism. D. Free markets. E. None of these answers is correct. - ANS>> A In a constitutional system, A.there are no restrictions on the lawful uses of power, as long as this power is obtained by majority rule. B. there are lawful restrictions on a government's power. C. the economy is based on the free enterprise system. D. officials govern according to the traditions established by their predecessors. E. all citizens have absolute free speech rights. - ANS>> B A government's authority A. is evidenced when a government officials use their right to exercise power. B. Is by definition not coercive. C. Does not include the power to arrest and imprison. D.ensures that lawlessness prevails most of the time. E. is based on pluralism. - ANS>> A. The process by which a society settles its conflicts and allocates the resulting benefits and cots is called. A. Politics. B. Government. C. Elitism. D. Socialism. E. Communism. - ANS>> A. 2 __________ is the ability of persons, groups, or institutions to influence political developments. A. Apathy. B. Politics. C. Power. D. Liberty. E. Political culture. - ANS>> C. The Greek words demos and kratis together mean A. majority rule is sacred. B. the people rule. C. government is good. D. politics is immoral E. the king is good. - ANS>> B John Stuart Mill believed that any form of government should be judged on its ability to. A. offer the individual a "plethora of policy options" in the democratic process. B. transfer power peacefully from one set of governing officials to the next. C. provide social services for its citizenry. D. maintain peace and order in the territory over which it has control. E. promote the individual as " a progressive being." - ANS>> E. What is major barrier to political thinking? A. unwillingness of citizens to make the effort. B. lack of access to governmental institutions. C. elite control of political power resources. D. failure of politicians and government institutions to communicate policy details to the public. E. lack of access to news media sources outside sensationalist television or internet content. - ANS>> A. What type of government suppresses individuality, forcing people to think and act in prescribed ways or risk punishment? a. communistic b. socialistic c. authoritarian d. egalitarian e. republican - ANS>> C In an oligarchy, a. the state is run by corporate interests and companies instead of individuals. b. control rests with a small group of popularly elected individuals. c. control rests with a single individual, such as a dictator. d. control rests with a small group, such as military officers or a few wealthy families. 2 c. checks and balances among the three branches of government. d. restrictions against the power of corporations to influence the election process. e. term limits for elected officials to reduce their power. - ANS>> A The Bill of Rights a. reduced the restrictiveness of constitutionalism. b.enhanced the powers of the executive. c.further checked the power of the majority. d.enhanced the majoritarian nature of government. e. restricted the power of corporate influence in the government. - ANS>> C In the first section of Federalist Papers, several dangers are outlined if the United States continued under the Articles of Confederation EXCEPT: a. state of disunion b. from the arms and arts of foreign nations c. enumeration of the dangers d. war between the states e. failing to establish a coat of arms - ANS>> E Federalist No. 10 discusses the tendency to controling faction and "Liberty is to faction what air is to fire." Madison gives two methods of removing the causes of faction: a. destroy liberty; give all citizens the same opionons, passions, interests b. create a democracy; elect a prime minister c. establish a public school system; establish a healthcare system d. create endorse faction; appoint a faction leader e. none of these - ANS>> A The idea that government should be restricted in its lawful uses of power and hence in its ability to deprive people of their liberty is expressed by the term a. federalism. b. self-government. c. judicial review. d. limited government. e. natural rights. - ANS>> D The European philosopher whose concept of natural rights had a great impact on American politics is a. Montesquieu. b. Locke. c. Hobbes. d. Aristotle. e. Burke. - ANS>> B President John Adams publicly indicated that a. the federal government would not use force against common people that were simply seeking their inalienable rights. 2 b. the Constitution was designed for a governing elite. c. dissent against the federal government would be welcomed as part of the birthing pangs of a republic. d. he disagreed with the concept of a republic and preferred more direct democratic rule. e. he felt he was the president of the "common folk." - ANS>> B The words of the Declaration of Independence reflected a. Aristotle's conception of democracy. b. Montesquieu's view of constitutionalism. c. Hobbes's idea of the state of nature. d. Locke's philosophy of inalienable rights. e. Madison's view of factions. - ANS>> D Early Americans' preference for limited government was strengthened by a. their exposure to life under the British Parliament and some of the "rights of Englishmen." b. Lockean philosophy. c. Britain's treatment of the colonies after the French and Indian War. d. taxation without representation. e. All these answers are correct. - ANS>> E Through the grants of power in the Constitution, the framers sought to a. define the powers of state governments. b. create a government in which sovereignty was invested in the national government only. c. both empower government and limit it. d. enumerate the rights of individuals. e. abolish slavery. - ANS>> C The Constitution prevents the government from suspending the writ of habeas corpus, meaning that the government cannot a. prosecute persons for acts that were legal at the time they were committed. b. establish a state religion based on Christian beliefs. c. enact laws that would legalize the practice of indentured servitude. d. jail a person without a court hearing to determine the legality of his or her imprisonment. e. silence freedom of the press. - ANS>> D Which of the following chronologies is correct? a. Boston Tea Party (1773); First Continental Congress (1774); and beginning of the American Revolution (1775) b. Shays' Rebellion (1773); Annapolis Convention (1774); and Declaration of Independence (1776) c. Stamp Act (1775); Declaration of Independence (1776); and Philadelphia Convention (1788) 2 d. Common Sense (1769); Declaration of Independence (1776); and The Federalist Papers (1783) e. Declaration of Independence (1776); Articles of Confederation (1787); Constitution (1791); and Federalist No. 10 (1795) - ANS>> A The framers' most significant modification of the traditional doctrine of the separation of powers was to a. include federalism. b. include a two-chamber legislature. c. define legislative power precisely, while defining executive and judicial power only in general terms. d. ensure that the powers of the separate branches overlap, so that each could better act as a check on the others. e. grant the power of judicial review to the judiciary. - ANS>> D In practice, the most significant restraint imposed by Congress on the president is its a. ability to override presidential vetoes. b. power of impeachment. c. power to make the laws and appropriate money, for these determine the programs the executive can implement. d. power to approve presidential appointees. e. power to investigate presidential activities. - ANS>> C The origin of the concept of separation of powers is most associated with a. Montesquieu. b. Aristotle. c. Hobbes. d. Locke. e. Jefferson. - ANS>> A Marbury v. Madison is a landmark Supreme Court decision because it a. established national supremacy; turned a case that involved the issue of states' rights into one that asserted national power. b. set the precedent for judicial review; asserted the power of the judiciary without creating the possibility of its rejection by either the executive or the legislative branch. c. defined the scope of state powers under the Tenth Amendment. d. affirmed the necessary and proper clause. e. helped to end Thomas Jefferson's political career; gave more power to the presidency, at the expense of Congress. - ANS>> B To the framers, the great danger of democratic government was the risk of a. tyranny of the majority. b. elite rule. c. special-interest politics. d. a weak presidency. e. judicial imperialism. - ANS>> A 2 e. poor replacement for the confederal system which existed before the Constitution. - ANS>> A 53. Which choice below describes the American change in governmental structure in 1787? a. confederal to federal b. confederal to unitary c. federal to unitary d. unitary to confederal e. federal to confederal - ANS>> A Which of the following is NOT an enumerated power? a. public education b. regulation of commerce c. declaration of war d. taxation e. establish a national currency - ANS>> A Which of the following was an argument in favor of federalism at the time of the writing of the Constitution? a. Federalism will protect liberty. b. Federalism will force officials to be more responsive to the people. c. Federalism will provide for a stronger national government than existed under the Articles of Confederation. d. Federalism will be less likely to produce an all-dominant faction. e. All these answers are correct. - ANS>> E Sovereignty refers to a. a government headed by a king. b. a division of authority between the national government and the states. c. supreme and final governing authority. d. sub-national (state) governments. e. None of these answers is correct. - ANS>> C The Tenth Amendment addressed the concerns of Anti-Federalists about a. individual freedoms. b. the meaning of the commerce clause. c. popular representation in Congress. d. the powers of state governments. e. the Electoral College. - ANS>> D Which of the following is most closely related to the concept of implied powers? a. necessary and proper clause b. supremacy clause c. Tenth Amendment d. the commerce clause 2 e. the power to tax - ANS>> A According to the Anti-Federalists, too strong of a national government meant a. eventual encroachment upon the sovereignty of the states. b. that a new constitutional convention would have to convene every few years. c. that a monarchy was preferable to a republic. d. that effective commerce between and among the states was an impossibility. e. that slavery would be abolished immediately. - ANS>> A McCulloch v. Maryland a. ruled in favor of state-centered federalism. b. asserted that the necessary and proper clause was a restriction on the power of the national government. c. affirmed that national law is supreme to conflicting state law. d. established the Supreme Court's power to judge constitutional issues. e. allowed for a narrow reading of the Constitution. - ANS>> C Through its Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court a. ruled that "free land" made "free men." b. upheld free blacks' rights of citizenship. c. upheld the principles of the Missouri Compromise. d. soothed sectarian tensions. e. ruled that Congress could not outlaw slavery anywhere in the United States. - ANS>> E Dual federalism held that a. the states were equal to the national government in all respects. b. a precise separation of national and state authority was both possible and desirable. c. national and state authority were indivisible. d. the Senate and the House were equal in their federal authority. e. None of these answers is correct. - ANS>> B In Lochner v. New York (1905), the Supreme Court ruled that a. the doctrine of separate but equal was constitutional. b. state regulation of labor practices violated firms' property rights. c. the Fourth Amendment did not apply to interstate commerce. d. factory practices could only be regulated by the states. e. factory practices could only be regulated by the federal government. - ANS>> B A public policy program on which national, state, and local policymakers collaborate is an example of a. dual federalism. b. cooperative federalism. c. unitary federalism. d. confederal federalism. e. cosponsor federalism. - ANS>> B 2 If a state accepts a federal grant-in-aid, it must a. comply with federal restrictions on its use. b. reimburse the federal government after a specified period. c. match the funds with twice that amount in state funds. d. reduce its income tax rates to adjust for the increased income. e. None of these answers is correct. - ANS>> A The elastic clause is related to which of the following concepts? a. enumerated powers b. reserved powers c. implied powers d. concurrent powers e. All these answers are correct. - ANS>> C Which decision is indicative of how the Supreme Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment and state discretion in civil rights matters in the decades after the Civil War? a. Brown v. Board of Education b. the Dred Scott decision c. Plessy v. Ferguson d. McCulloch v. Maryland e. Gibbons v. Ogden - ANS>> C Devolution is the a. passing of authority from the national government to the state and local levels. b. expansion of national authority that began in the 1930s. c. contraction of state authority and the expansion of local government authority. d. expansion of national authority that began in the 1960s. e. None of these answers is correct. - ANS>> A The federal government's power to tax, regulate commerce among the states, and declare war are all examples of ________ powers. a. reserved b. enumerated c. implied d. concurrent e. None of these answers is correct. - ANS>> B A blending of state and national authority is associated with ________ federalism, while a separation of national and state authority is associated with ________ federalism. a. dual; fiscal b. dual; cooperative c. cooperative; dual d. picket-fence; cooperative e. cooperative; pyramid - ANS>> C 2 d. prior restraint should apply only in rare circumstances, and it is better to hold the press responsible for what it has printed than to restrict what it may print. e. prior restraint should be used fairly frequently in a democracy. - ANS>> D The inclusion of certain provisions of the Bill of Rights in the Fourteenth Amendment, so that these rights are protected from infringements by the state governments, is called a. the preferred position doctrine. b. procedural change. c. selective incorporation. d. the absorption doctrine. e. prior restraint. - ANS>> C Which of the following is correct with regard to obscenity and the law? a. Obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment. b. Obscenity is never unlawful. c. Child pornography is protected by the First Amendment. d. Obscenity has been easy for courts to define with precision. e. Obscenity is protected under the Ninth Amendment. - ANS>> A The establishment clause prohibits government from a. establishing exceptions to the Bill of Rights. b. establishing exceptions to the Fourteenth Amendment. c. favoring one religion over another or supporting religion over no religion. d. interfering with freedom of assembly. e. interfering with the right to bear arms. - ANS>> C According to the Supreme Court, prayer in public schools violates a. the free exercise clause. b. the establishment clause. c.the exclusionary rule. d. procedural due process. e. the clear and present danger test. - ANS>> B The exclusionary rule states that a. federal law cannot be applied in state courts. b. the laws of one state court cannot be applied in the courts of another state. c. after seven years, the statute of limitations applies, except in murder cases. d. evidence obtained illegally is inadmissible in court. e. state law cannot be applied in federal courts. - ANS>> D In Mapp v. Ohio, the selective incorporation process was extended to include a. criminal proceedings in the states. b. civil cases. c. pleas of insanity. d. children (minors) accused of crime. e. indigent litigants. - ANS>> A 2 The Supreme Court has reasoned that a right of privacy is provided by a. the Civil Rights Act of 1964. b. the Ninth Amendment, which says that people's rights are not limited to those enumerated in the Constitution. c. the Tenth Amendment, which reserves to the people and the states those powers not granted to the federal government. d. the implication of said right by the freedoms in the Bill of Rights. e. the Civil Rights Act of 1991. - ANS>> D The right to privacy was instrumental in which decision? a. Roe v. Wade b. Mapp v. Ohio c. Schenck v. United States d. Miranda v. Arizona e. New York Times Co. v. United States - ANS>> A The Fourth Amendment protects Americans from a. any search conducted without a warrant. b. unreasonable searches. c. unreasonable searches conducted only by federal officers. d. all searches conducted by state officers. e. searches conducted only by local officers. - ANS>> B Voluntary school prayer in the public schools was ruled unconstitutional in a. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964). b. Engel v. Vitale (1962). c. Buckley v. Valeo (1976). d. Gitlow v. New York (1925). e. Roth v. United States (1957). - ANS>> B The freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and petition are found in a. the First Amendment. b. the Fourth Amendment. c. the Sixth Amendment. d. the Tenth Amendment. e. the Fourteenth Amendment. - ANS>> A Which of the following is true about the Sedition Act of 1798? a. The Act prohibited malicious newspaper stories about the president. b. The Supreme Court ruled the Act unconstitutional. c. The Senate voted it down, while the House passed it. d. Thomas Jefferson strongly supported it. e. The state governments refused to enforce it. - ANS>> A In Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court ruled that 2 a. the Espionage Act was unconstitutional. b. speech could be restricted when the nation's security is at stake. c. speech unrelated to national security can never be restricted. d. speech by unpopular groups can be restricted more than speech by popular groups. e. all forms of political dissent are constitutional. - ANS>> B The Miranda warning was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2000 in a. Palko v. Connecticut. b. Stenberg v. Carhart. c. Reno v. ACLU. d. Ferguson v. Charleston. e. Dickerson v. United States. - ANS>> E Gideon v. Wainwright required the states to a. temporarily abolish the death penalty. b. expand the exclusionary rule to both felony and misdemeanor cases. c. furnish attorneys for poor defendants in felony cases. d. grant speedy trials to defendants after 90 days of delay. e. provide more funding for education. - ANS>> C pork-barrel legislation. Correct - ANS>> Legislation whose tangible benefits are targeted solely at a particular legislator's constituency is is not the presiding officer of his/her chamber. - ANS>> In contrast with the Speaker of the House, the Senate majority leader can take effect only when the Congress is not in session. - ANS>> A pocket veto differs from a regular presidential veto in that the pocket veto the opportunity to contribute to a worthy goal or purpose. - ANS>> A purposive incentive is defined as resulting in a fragmentation of authority among policymakers, thereby providing groups more opportunities to get their way. - ANS>> James Madison's solution to the problem of factions (special interests) has, in the modern policy process, actually contributed to the problem by strong upper-class bias. - ANS>> According to E. E. Schattschneider, the interest- group system has a the increasing complexity of policy problems - ANS>> Why have issue networks become more prevalent? 90 - ANS>> About ________ percent of people who regularly listen to National Public Radio do not donate money to their local station. 2 scarce resources and competing values - ANS>> The two primary sources of political conflict are The extreme bias and popularity of new forms of media such as cable news networks and Internet blogs have led to a rise in faulty perceptions and thus a decrease in political thinking. - ANS>> How have changes in modern communication affected political thinking in the United States? roughly one quarter - ANS>> In a 2009 Pew Research Center survey, what percent of Americans expressed "complete agreement" when asked whether government has a responsibility "to take care of people who can't take care of themselves"? Never has a majority expressed a willingness to entrust health insurance fully to government - ANS>> Over the many decades of public debate and conflict over the American health care system, what has been the one constant? The people govern through elected representatives - ANS>> Which of the following statements provides the most accurate description of democracy as practiced in the United States? totalitarianism - ANS>> Which of the following forms of government admits to no limits on its power? pluralism - ANS>> As described in the text, the issue of agricultural price-supports suggests that the exercise of government power conforms to which of the following models? The level to which political leaders spin their messages has increased dramatically - ANS>> What point is the author trying to make when he makes note of the fact that the White House Press Office was once run by a single individual? Robert Dahl - ANS>> Pluralists such as ________ argue that it is the preference of the special interest that largely determines what government does. He was convinced that it could not be achieved politically. - ANS>> Why did President Lyndon Johnson choose not to pursue comprehensive government-based health insurance? one quarter - ANS>> More than ________ of Americans have a college degree—the world's highest rate? oligarchy - ANS>> Which of the following could NOT be considered one of the aspects of the American system of government or political culture? a leader's authority - ANS>> Which of the following is enhanced by a democratic form of government? 2 Gideon's Sixth Amendment right to counsel had been violated - ANS>> A handwritten note by a penniless convict brought about the Gideon v. Wainwright Supreme Court case, in which the Court ruled that the fact that most of the public pays attention to only a small number of issues - ANS>> Which of the following is a major limit on majoritarianism in the United States? owns most or all major industries and also takes responsibility for overall management of the economy. - ANS>> Under communism, the government All these statements are true, except for the statement that the public is interested and well-informed on all policy issues. - ANS>> Which of the following is true of majoritarianism in the United States? There are twice as many lawyers in the United States - ANS>> How does the number of lawyers in the United States compare to those in Britain, Italy, or Germany, on a per capita basis? False - ANS>> Americans prefer wealth to be allocated by government direction and control rather than through the marketplace true - ANS>> Compared with European democracies, Americans show a much smaller commitment to social welfare programs true - ANS>> A major characteristic of the American political system is its powerful emphasis on individual rights. true - ANS>> The concept of constitutionalism allows for some restrictions to be put on the exercise of majority rule. true - ANS>> Americans practice democracy by using the representative model rather than by direct rule. false - ANS>> In American society, political conflict occurs primarily over scarcity of resources and access to a guaranteed minimum standard of living. false - ANS>> A democratic system both provides opportunity for personal development and bears responsibility for the personal development of its citizens. false - ANS>> The United States has one of the most costly and elaborate sets of programs for the poor and disadvantaged of any of the industrialized democracies. false - ANS>> Pluralism is the principle that Americans should be free to act and think as they choose. 2 false - ANS>> The United States has the world's most elite system of college education. the Declaration of Independence. - ANS>> In the American political context, John Locke's conception of inalienable rights and the legitimacy of the social contract found its most explicit statement in It demonstrated that Congress was weak and unable to respond to crises in an effective manner. - ANS>> What was the significance of Shays's Rebellion? apportionment of taxes and seats in the U.S. House of Representatives - ANS>> The Three-Fifths Compromise dealt directly with the issue of All these answers are correct, except the answer suggesting they felt the national government would be too weak and ineffective. - ANS>> The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the Constitution because they felt that Congress was overshadowed by the president. - ANS>> Which of the following is NOT true of government under the Articles of Confederation? be less responsive to popular pressure. - ANS>> The Senate was initially designed to factions - ANS>> In Federalist No. 10, James Madison warned against the dangers of power must be used to offset power. - ANS>> The principle of checks and balances is based on the notion that judicial review by the federal courts. - ANS>> Marbury v. Madison (1803) became the foundation for state legistlatures - ANS>> Under the original Constitution, U.S. senators were elected by Andrew Jackson - ANS>> ________ persuaded the states to choose their presidential electors on the basis of the popular vote initiative, referendum, recall election, primary election - ANS>> Which reform occurred during the Progressive Era? Rutherford B. Hayes (1876), Benjamin Harrison (1888), and George W. Bush (2000) - ANS>> After Andrew Jackson's time, which three candidates won the presidency after losing the popular vote? 2 year; 6 year; 4 year - ANS>> Under the U.S. Constitution, members of the U.S. House of Representatives have a ________ term, members of the U.S. Senate have a(n) ________ term, and the president has a ________ term. 2 necessary and proper clause - ANS>> Which of the following is most closely related to the concept of implied powers? eventual encroachment upon the sovereignty of the states. - ANS>> According to the Anti-Federalists, too strong of a national government meant was part of the end, and reversal of, the devolution movement. - ANS>> The No Child Left Behind Act affirmed that national law is supreme to conflicting state law. - ANS>> McCulloch v. Maryland whether the states would accept the lawful authority of the national government. - ANS>> From 1789 to 1865, the most significant issue of federalism was ruled that Congress could not outlaw slavery anywhere in the United States. - ANS>> Through its Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court a precise separation of national and state authority was both possible and desirable - ANS>> Dual federalism held that business supremacy in the area of commerce. - ANS>> The period of dual federalism (1865-1937) was marked by state regulation of labor practices violated firms' property rights. - ANS>> In Lochner v. New York (1905), the Supreme Court ruled that government. - ANS>> The logical counter-force that was potentially strong enough to control the business trusts of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was asserted the power to regulate the nation's economy. - ANS>> During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the national government local, state, and federal governments have become increasingly interdependen - ANS>> National authority has greatly expanded in the twentieth century in large part because cooperative federalism. - ANS>> A public policy program on which national, state, and local policymakers collaborate is an example of the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through state and local governments. - ANS>> Fiscal federalism refers to comply with federal restrictions on its use. - ANS>> If a state accepts a federal grant- in-aid, it must 2 categorical grants. - ANS>> Federal grants-in-aid used only for a designated activity are called govern intrastate commerce. - ANS>> The Constitution allows states to the use of block grants over categorical grants - ANS>> What did Reagan promote as part of his version of "new federalism"? implied powers - ANS>> The elastic clause is related to which of the following concepts? John C. Calhoun - ANS>> Which of the following individuals would agree that each state should be allowed to determine for itself the extent to which national authority restricts its actions? Plessy v. Ferguson - ANS>> Which decision is indicative of how the Supreme Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment and state discretion in civil rights matters in the decades after the Civil War? Congress exempted federal mandates dealing with civil liberties and civil rights from elimination. - ANS>> Which of the following is true of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995? the passing of authority from the national government to the state and local levels. - ANS>> Devolution is was a block grant that, among other aspects, restricted federal assistance to five years. - ANS>> The TANF aspect of the Welfare Reform Ac state and local governments. - ANS>> More than 90 percent of the funding for U.S. public schools comes from Canda - ANS>> All the following countries have a unitary or modified unitary form of government EXCEPT enumerated - ANS>> The federal government's power to tax, regulate commerce among the states, and declare war are all examples of ________ powers. 5 - ANS>> Roughly one in every ________ dollars spent by local and state governments in recent decades was raised not by them but by the government in Washington. John C. Calhoun. - ANS>> The doctrine of nullification is most closely associated with 2 cooperative; dual - ANS>> A blending of state and national authority is associated with ________ federalism, while a separation of national and state authority is associated with ________ federalism. The federal government raises roughly as much revenue from taxation as all state and local governments combined. - ANS>> Which of the following statements is true? James Madison - ANS>> According to ________, a large republic is less likely to have an all-powerful faction. the Supreme Court. - ANS>> The "separate but equal" standard was created by that the 1960s-style federalism was dead - ANS>> What did Newt Gingrich declare about federalism in 1994? Medicaid - ANS>> _______ is an illustration of cooperative federalism. President Richard Nixon - ANS>> ________ advocated a "new federalism." block grants - ANS>> Political conservatives who favor more political power devolved back to the states would likely prefer which of the following? state and local governments. - ANS>> In America today, public education is primarily the responsibility of the South - ANS>> Which region of the nation receives the highest percentage of its revenues from the federal government? invalidated key pieces of FDR's New Deal legislation. - ANS>> In key decisions early in the New Deal era, the Supreme Court revenue sharing, where the federal government gave money to the states to use as they saw fit - ANS>> Which of the following was the core of Nixon's approach to "new federalism"? It created dominant business interests that raised questions about the suitability of dual federalism as a governing concept. - ANS>> What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution upon the concept of dual federalism? The union was older than the states. - ANS>> From President Abraham Lincoln's perspective, the decision to wage a civil war against the southern states is best summarized in what fashion? Roger B. Taney. - ANS>> All of the following embraced the "national view" of federalism EXCEPT 2 when it can demonstrate that harmful acts will necessarily result from the rally - ANS>> Government can lawfully prevent a political rally from taking place selective incorporation. - ANS>> The inclusion of certain provisions of the Bill of Rights in the Fourteenth Amendment, so that these rights are protected from infringements by the state governments, is called slander - ANS>> Spoken words that are known to be false and harmful to a person's reputation are an example of Obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment. - ANS>> Which of the following is correct with regard to obscenity and the law? favoring one religion over another or supporting religion over no religion. - ANS>> The establishment clause prohibits government from Zelman v. Simmons-Harris. - ANS>> The Supreme Court upheld the use of tax- supported vouchers to attend private or parochial school in the establishment clause. - ANS>> According to the Supreme Court, prayer in public schools violates Samuel Alito. - ANS>> In 2007 the Supreme Court reversed its stance on partial-birth abortion, largely due to the replacement of Sandra Day O'Connor with evidence obtained illegally is inadmissible in court. - ANS>> The exclusionary rule states that criminal proceedings in the states. - ANS>> In Mapp v. Ohio, the selective incorporation process was extended to include governments had observed procedural guarantees. - ANS>> In the case of McNabb v. United States, Justice Felix Frankfurter defined the "history of liberty" primarily in terms of whether The Constitution does not guarantee an appeal after conviction, but the federal government and all states permit at least one appeal. - ANS>> Which of the following is true of the appeal process? the implication of said right by the freedoms in the Bill of Rights.. - ANS>> The Supreme Court has reasoned that a right of privacy is provided by Roe v. Wade - ANS>> The right to privacy was instrumental in which decision? 2 reaffirmed the essential aspects of Roe v. Wade. - ANS>> In Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992), the justices a federal law that bars in most instances a second federal appeal by a state prison inmate - ANS>> What is the greatest restriction on appeals in the United States? the right to privacy did not extend to consensual sexual relations among adults of the same sex. - ANS>> . In Bowers v. Hardwick (1986), the Supreme Court justices determined that allows the use of evidence that would have been discovered regardless by other means or through other forms of evidence. - ANS>> The inevitable discovery exception unreasonable searches. - ANS>> The Fourth Amendment protects Americans from Engel v. Vitale (1962). - ANS>> Voluntary school prayer in the public schools was ruled unconstitutional in the judiciary - ANS>> Which of the following, relative to the others, is typically more protective of individual rights? first amendment - ANS>> The freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and petition are found in The Act prohibited malicious newspaper stories about the president. - ANS>> Which of the following is true about the Sedition Act of 1798? speech could be restricted when the nation's security is at stake. - ANS>> In Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court ruled that flag burning, although offensive, cannot be prohibited. - ANS>> In the Johnson flag- burning case, the Supreme Court ruled that Dickerson v. United States. - ANS>> The Miranda warning was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2000 in the government can clearly justify the restriction. - ANS>> According to the Supreme Court, prior restraint on the press is only acceptable if the Miranda warning. - ANS>> "You have the right to remain silent....Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law....You have the right to an attorney." This is called Public officials can regulate the time, place, and conditions of public assembly, provided the regulations are reasonable - ANS>> According to the Supreme Court, which is true regarding freedom of assembly? 2 Russia - ANS>> Which of the following is the only country that comes close to the United States in terms of the percentage of its citizens who are behind bars? allowing the prosecution an unlimited number of challenges in capital cases - ANS>> What Illinois policy did the Supreme Court invalidate with its decision in Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968)? 5th - ANS>> Which constitutional amendment protects the individual against self- incrimination? furnish attorneys for poor defendants in felony cases. - ANS>> Gideon v. Wainwright required the states to None of these answers is correct. - ANS>> Since the 1980s, the Supreme Court has addressed the exclusionary rule by 6th - ANS>> The right to counsel is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment. ensure the secular nature of a government action. - ANS>> The Lemon test is designed to 14th - ANS>> Which of the following amendments contains a due process clause? has generally protected symbolic speech, though less substantially than it has protected verbal speech. - ANS>> The Supreme Court The Supreme Court began to protect the rights of the accused from action by the states. - ANS>> How did the Supreme Court's position on the rights of the accused in state courts change in the 1960s? written word. - ANS>> Libel applies to defamation of an individual's reputation through the 4-6th, 14th - ANS>> In the Constitution, procedural due process is protected by the clear and present danger - ANS>> If a person yells "fire" in a crowded theater when there is no fire, and people are hurt in the ensuing panic, that individual abused his freedom of speech according to the doctrine of after the suspect has been warned that his or her words can be used as evidence - ANS>> When can police legally begin their interrogation of a suspect? 4th - ANS>> Gideon v. Wainwright is to the Sixth Amendment as Mapp v. Ohio is to the 2 their average annual income is relatively close to the national average. - ANS>> All of the following statements about Latino Americans are true EXCEPT that 80 - ANS>> The average pay for full-time female employees is about ________ percent of that for full-time male employees. a. today number more than 2 million. b. have a far higher infant mortality rate than the national average. c. have in recent years filed suit to reclaim their ancestral lands. d. are less than half as likely to finish college as other Americans. - ANS>> Native Americans Asian Americans have the second highest median family income of any group. - ANS>> All of the following statements about Asian American rights are true EXCEPT that strict scrutiny test - ANS>> Any law that attempts a racial or ethnic classification is subject to the by private individuals in their employment practices and in their operation of public accommodations (e.g., hotels, restaurants). - ANS>> The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was aimed in large part at eliminating discrimination the Brown decision (de jure), and affirmative action (de facto). - ANS>> De jure discrimination and de facto discrimination are two ways in which some Americans are treated as less equal than others. Examples of public policies designed to address each of these forms of discrimination are require government only to show that a particular law is reasonable. - ANS>> In applying the reasonable basis test, courts tend to continues to evidence a high degree of racial segregation. - ANS>> Housing in America busing to achieve racial integration in the schools. - ANS>> One example of a policy that aimed chiefly to overcome de facto discrimination is it became apparent that disadvantaged Americans would not attain equal employment opportunities through lawsuits that benefited single individuals only. - ANS>> The policy of affirmative action arose when upheld the principle of affirmative action. - ANS>> The Supreme Court's decision in the Regents of the University of California v. Bakke case 2 it is viewed as giving preferential treatment, which is unpopular, instead of simply ensuring equal treatment. - ANS>> One reason that affirmative action is so controversial is that Adarand v. Pena. - ANS>> The Supreme Court halted the general use of quotas in the granting of federal contracts in the 1995 case of moved to narrow its application. - ANS>> With regard to affirmative action, the Supreme Court in recent years has a. addressed the problem of de facto discrimination. b. applied to many northern communities in addition to communities in the South. c. sanctioned the use of busing in desegregation. d. dealt specifically with the issue of busing. - ANS>> The Supreme Court's ruling in the Swann case on busing differed from the Brown decision in that Swann towards greater segregation - ANS>> Since the height of the busing era, the trend in public schools has been given citizenship status en masse until the twentieth century. - ANS>> Native Americans were not comparable worth. - ANS>> The demand that women should receive equal pay relative to men for work that is similarly demanding, involves similar responsibilities, and requires similar levels of education and training is the basis of the concept of Scandinavia - ANS>> Which region of the world has the highest proportion of women serving in its national legislatures? racial discrimination - ANS>> According to Gunnar Myrdal, what is America's curse? 1920 - ANS>> Women in America obtained the right to vote in national elections in ________. 5 - ANS>> Asian Americans account for about ________ percent of professionals and technicians in the United States. deprived white students of their Fourteenth Amendment right to equal protection. - ANS>> In 2007 the Supreme Court ruled that the pursuit of racial integration in public schools through busing 2 live in neighborhoods where whites are in the minority. - ANS>> Today, the majority of African Americans in the nation nearly 3/4ths - ANS>> How many states ratified the Equal Rights Amendment? Adarand v. Pena - ANS>> Which of the following would be considered the worst setback by affirmative action proponents? the removal of federal troops - ANS>> What event occurred in 1877 in the South that brought about rapid legal discrimination against blacks? About one in four single-parent families that are headed by women live below the poverty line. - ANS>> Which of the following statements is true? authorizes states to deny marital rights to a same-sex couple that has been granted these rights by another state. - ANS>> The 1996 Defense of Marriage Act Mandatory retirement ages for most jobs have been eliminated by law. - ANS>> Which of the following statements is true of age discrimination in the United States? de facto - ANS>> Equality of result policies are primarily directed at ________ discriminatory effects. affirmative action. - ANS>> The central issue in the Bakke case was a. Public schools are becoming more segregated nationally. b. Many urban public school districts have ended the use of busing for desegregation purposes. c. White flight to suburban schools has made it more difficult to desegregate urban schools. d. The Supreme Court, after ordering cutbacks in busing, said that communities were free to use alternatives, such as increased spending on schools in poor neighborhoods. - ANS>> Which of the following is true? 1 in 6 - ANS>> Today, women currently hold about ________ of the seats in Congress. government only - ANS>> The Fourteenth Amendment applies to discriminatory action by New Jersey - ANS>> Of the following states, which tends to have larger numbers of Caribbean Hispanics? 2 restrict discrimination in public places and employment. - ANS>> Discuss the racial problems addressed by the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas decision and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. What provisions of the Constitution provided the basis for each of these policy decisions? Equality of result is the aim of policies intended to reduce or eliminate discriminatory effects so that members of traditionally disadvantaged groups may obtain the same benefits of society as members of traditionally advantaged groups. De facto discrimination is discrimination that is a consequence of social, economic, and cultural biases and conditions. De jure discrimination is discrimination based on law. Equality of result is intended to combat the effects of de facto discrimination. Busing and affirmative action are examples of policies designed to achieve equality of result. Many Americans, however, believe that the government should only address de jure discrimination. - ANS>> What is equality of result? What relation does it have to de facto and de jure discrimination? senior citizens tend to oppose increases in public school funding. - ANS>> In her book Young v. Old, political scientist Susan MacManus notes that religion - ANS>> Scholars have done the LEAST study into the political influence of which primary socializing agent on American citizens? a poll based on a random sample of constituents - ANS>> A member of Congress who wants to act on what the majority of his or her constituency thinks on a particular issue would be advised to respond to which of the following indicators? sampling error - ANS>> The accuracy of a poll is usually expressed in terms of less accurate than the idea that Americans form many publics, which differ greatly in such things as the level of attention they pay to politics. - ANS>> The term "public opinion" is frequently used in reference to all of American society. This perspective is are openly expressed - ANS>> In his definition of public opinion, the author claims that the opinions of private individuals become public opinion when they the size of the sample and whether the sample was selected from the population by a random method. - ANS>> The key factors in determining the accuracy of an opinion poll are a. question order. b. unrepresentative samples. c. respondents' lack of knowledge or interest in the issue. d. poorly worded questions. - ANS>> Sources of polling error can include 2 normally cumulative; political beliefs attained earlier in life tend to be retained to a substantial degree. - ANS>> The process of political socialization in the United States is major upheaval. - ANS>> Dramatic change in party identification is uncommon and is almost always a consequence of political socialization. - ANS>> The process by which individuals acquire their political opinions is called government committees that would decide which elderly patients would receive life- saving treatment and which would not. - ANS>> Of the 2009-2010 health care reform legislation, a Gallup poll found that nearly a third of the public mistakenly believed that the legislation package included an ideology. - ANS>> A consistent pattern of opinion on particular issues that stems from a coherent set of political beliefs is called Only a minority of Americans can be classified as true ideologues. - ANS>> Which of the following statements about Americans and ideology and political thinking is true? they believe that government should be used to promote traditional values. - ANS>> Each of the following statements could be considered true of either economic or social liberals, EXCEPT that George W. Bush attempted to privatize aspects of social security, only to back down in the face of determined resistance. - ANS>> Which of the following statements is true? On high-profile issues particularly, public opinion tends to affect policy to a greater degree than policymakers' agendas affect public opinion. - ANS>> Which of the following is true of the relationship between public opinion and shifts in major government policies? Political socialization is cumulative, and is most heavily developed during childhood. - ANS>> What are the two distinguishing characteristics of political socialization? 1948 Truman-Dewey. - ANS>> The only presidential election in which the Gallup poll erred badly was church - ANS>> Which of the following would NOT be considered a secondary socializing agent? the use of force to settle international disputes. - ANS>> Women are less likely than men to favor 2 communists - ANS>> All of the following ideological types are prevalent in the United States EXCEPT Woodrow Wilson - ANS>> _______ once said that he spent nearly all his adult life in government and yet had never seen a government. American workers lacked sufficient class consciousness. - ANS>> Friedrich Engels believed that communism would not take root in the United States because F - ANS>> In a test of "civic literacy" conducted in 2007, the average college senior scored a grade of ________. factory workers - ANS>> Which of the following groups in the U.S. shows a higher level of support for collective bargaining? the lack of crosscutting between groups - ANS>> Society in Northern Island is held up by the authors as a demonstration of what difference with U.S. society? Their opinions tend to be atypical of the population as whole. - ANS>> Which of the following is true of letter writers and demonstrators? the sample requirements will be nearly the same. - ANS>> To accurately poll the citizens of the United States as opposed to the citizens of a single state, the tendency of black candidates to receive fewer votes than the polls predicted. - ANS>> "The Bradley Effect" describes effective government cannot be run by politicians that base their public opinions on poll results. - ANS>> Journalist Walter Lippmann suggested that Republicans and Democrats - ANS>> In terms of party identification, about two-thirds of adults call themselves sets limits on government action. - ANS>> In general, public opinion Bush administration efforts to press the case for war - ANS>> What was the primary cause for an increase in the public's support for a military invasion of Iraq during the six- month period leading to the start of the war? liberals and populists - ANS>> Which of the following ideological types favor government activism in the economic realm? religious right - ANS>> The most powerful religious force in contemporary American society is the 2 not be able to rely on wider public opinion. In addition, officials must anticipate the public response to policy, since people may react negatively to policies that fail or are followed by unfavorable developments. Evidence indicates officials are reasonably attentive to public opinion, particularly on highly visible issues of public policy. - ANS>> Discuss the general relationship between public opinion and the policy actions of government. self-government - ANS>> The idea that ordinary people have a right and a duty to participate in public affairs is the essential component of the ideal of early in the 20th century - ANS>> Women gained the right to vote disenfranchise African Americans in the South - ANS>> The poll tax was used to increasing the personal effort needed to participate in all elections. - ANS>> The frequency of elections in the United States reduces voter turnout by Tuesdays - ANS>> Unlike in many other democracies, elections in the United States are traditionally held on U.S. registration laws place a greater burden on the individual. - ANS>> One of the reasons why voter turnout is lower in the United States than in Western European countries is that began as a way of preventing voters from casting more than one ballot on election day. - ANS>> Voter registration in the United States one's parents - ANS>> Civic duty and apathy are attitudes that are usually acquired from a strong sense of civic duty. - ANS>> Regular voters tend to be characterized by a general lack of interest in politics. - ANS>> As distinct from alienation, apathy is those with less income and education - ANS>> Which of the following groups of people is most adversely affected by the country's registration system? more in the United States than in Europe. - ANS>> Education and income affects voter turnout vote in national elections. - ANS>> In comparison with citizens in Western European democracies, Americans are less likely to lack of personal motivation to get involved. - ANS>> The chief obstacle to Americans' participation in community activities is the 2 Republicans - ANS>> Voter identification cards find the most support among sharp policy differences between major parties. - ANS>> All of the following tend to decrease voter turnout EXCEPT It was instrumental in helping Barack Obama defeat Hillary Clinton in their race for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination - ANS>> Which of the following is true of the Internet organization MoveOn.org? social movement - ANS>> A sustained action by citizens disenchanted with government to express their opposition and work to bring about the change they seek is a not highly supportive of such activities, despite America's tradition of free expression. - ANS>> When it comes to protest activities, a majority of Americans are middle income voters - ANS>> Most candidates for office in the United States aim their appeals at a. allows elected officials to claim that their policies reflect the will of the people. b. provides citizens with a regular way to express themselves. c. is the most widespread form of political participation. d. is both a means by which government controls the people and a means by which the people control government. - ANS>> Voting will likely cause a decline in voter turnout. - ANS>> The adoption of voter identification cards by several states is more likely to involve younger citizens rather than older ones. - ANS>> Protest activity is a reversal to the pattern of voting in that it Belgium - ANS>> Which country has the highest estimated voter turnout in major national elections in recent decades? South - ANS>> Historically speaking, states with the most restrictive voting registration laws are concentrated in which region? increased in presidential elections, while continuing to remain lowest in local ones. - ANS>> In the twenty-first century, voting rates in the United States have The U.S. - ANS>> Citizens in which of the following countries are most likely to volunteer time and money to promote community causes? 2 Indiana - ANS>> Which of the following states has a voter identification card law? America's federal structure provides more campaign opportunities. - ANS>> If Americans vote less than Europeans, why are they more likely to work in a political campaign than are citizens in Europe? civil rights - ANS>> Many white working-class citizens failed to vote in the 1968 and 1972 elections because they felt alienated by the centrality of which political issue? much less likely to vote in elections. - ANS>> Compared with U.S. citizens of higher income, those of lower income are 1971 - ANS>> Eighteen, nineteen, and twenty year-old Americans were granted the right to vote in ________. individual - ANS>> In the United States, the primary responsibility for registration of the individual voter rests with the 55 - ANS>> Since the 1960s, the level of turnout in presidential elections has averaged ________ percent. a. was passed in 1993. b. made it easier for citizens to register to vote. c. linked voter registration to the vehicle registration process. d. was passed in 1993 and linked voter registration to the vehicle registration process. - ANS>> The "motor voter" law the war in Iraq - ANS>> What issue has done the most to bring young Americans to the voting booth in the twenty-first century? Presidential - ANS>> ________ elections tend to draw the largest percentage of voters in the U.S. America has been undergoing a long-term decline in its social capital. - ANS>> Harvard's Robert Putnam argues in his book Bowling Alone that the U.S. - ANS>> The citizens of ________ are most likely to participate as campaign volunteers during an election. only white males who owned property - ANS>> When the nation was founded, who was eligible to vote? 2 Bull Moose - ANS>> In 1912, a candidate for which minor party managed to earn more votes than one of his major party opponents? one or both major parties will absorb its issue, and the minor party will lose support. - ANS>> If a minor party gains a large following, it is almost certain that the existence of single-member election districts. - ANS>> The major reason for the persistence of the American two-party system is political parties - ANS>> The history of democratic government is virtually synonymous with the history of a very close electoral result. - ANS>> All of the following are characteristic of a party realignment EXCEPT the two-party system and the need to gain a plurality - ANS>> Which of the following encourages the two major parties to build broad coalitions? Republican - ANS>> The issue of slavery gave birth to the ________ party as a major political party. Hamilton and Jefferson - ANS>> Political parties in the United States originated partly as a political feud between the immediate post Civil War era - ANS>> The Democratic Party's long-time regional stronghold, "the Solid South," stemmed from a realignment during which historical period? straight ticket voting - ANS>> Which of the following is an indication of strong party loyalty? None of these answers is correct. - ANS>> Party dealignment is choices based on what candidates promise to do if elected. - ANS>> Prospective voting is characterized by retrospective voting - ANS>> ________ is based on judgment about the past performance of an elected official or political party Barry Goldwater - ANS>> ________ lost the 1964 presidential election in a landslide because his views were seen as too extreme. the U.S. - ANS>> ________ does not have a competitive multiparty system. working class voters - ANS>> Most European parties on the political left tend to appeal mainly to 2 George Washington - ANS>> ________ warned Americans of the "baneful effects" of factions (political parties) in his 1797 farewell address. Republican - ANS>> What party has made big gains in recent decades among white fundamentalist Christians, based on its positions on topics like abortion and school prayer? a poor televised debate performance - ANS>> Which of the following events/phenomena do some analysts consider to have cost Al Gore the presidential election in 2000? African Americans - ANS>> Which of the following groups is most closely aligned with the Democratic Party, voting about 85 percent Democratic in presidential elections? fundamentalist Christians - ANS>> Which of the following groups is NOT typically a part of the Democratic coalition? factional - ANS>> In twentieth-century American history, the most important minor parties were ________ parties. 1970s - ANS>> Ticket splitting was most prominent during which decade? Dwight Eisenhower - ANS>> ________ was the only Republican elected president from 1932-1964. closed - ANS>> Most states conduct ________ primaries. are still important, but their role in campaigns is secondary to that of candidates. - ANS>> American party organizations neither local nor state party organizations. - ANS>> National party organizations can dictate the day-to-day decisions of Barack Obama - ANS>> In the 2008 presidential election, ________ used the Internet most successfully to attract followers and raise donations. Greenback Party - ANS>> Which of the following is NOT an example of an ideological party? a. pollsters b. media producers c. fundraising specialists 2 d. campaign consultants - ANS>> Which of the following are key players in the modern campaign? the U.S. - ANS>> ________ provides no free television time to political parties and allows candidates to purchase air time. campaign strategists who have earned legendary reputations. - ANS>> James Carville, Dick Morris, and Roger Ailes are all examples of state chairperson. - ANS>> Regarding state party organizations, the day-to-day operation is usually the responsibility of the decentralized and fragmented. - ANS>> Organizationally, U.S. party organizations are a. nominations. b. financing. c. platforms. d. the staffing of government jobs. - ANS>> During the twentieth century, American parties lost their complete control over the direct primary - ANS>> Which of the following represents the greatest blow to the organizational strength of U.S. parties? Most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole, but say they have confidence in their local representative in Congress. - ANS>> Which of the following is an accurate representation of the public's opinion about leaders and their accountability? 527 groups. - ANS>> MoveOn and Swift Boat Veterans for Truth are both examples of long-term consistency in policymaking. - ANS>> Candidate-centered politics encourages all of the following EXCEPT $20,000 - ANS>> On average, how much money must a U.S. senator raise every week of his or her six-year term in order to acquire enough money to launch a competitive bid for reelection? It was a means of rewarding party workers for their loyalty. - ANS>> Which of the following statements about the patronage system is true? the local level. - ANS>> About 95 percent of all political activists in the United States work at 2 be more responsive to local interests, because personal support among local constituents is the key to re-election. A disadvantage is that such campaigns are heavily influenced by the contributions of special interests. Another disadvantage is that officeholders' accountability to the public is reduced because an incumbent can always blame other officeholders for policy problems. Party-centered campaig - ANS>> What is a candidate-centered campaign, and how does it differ from a party-centered one? Identify some advantages and disadvantages of candidate-centered campaigns. A primary election is a method of nominating party candidates in which the party nominee is chosen by voters rather than by party leaders. Primary elections weaken party organization by depriving the party of control over the candidates who will run under its banner. - ANS>> What are primary elections and what impact have they had on party organizations? exercise too much power in the American system. - ANS>> Economist Mancur Olson concluded that groups pluralist theory - ANS>> The theory that society's interests are most effectively represented through group action is a. the American tradition of free association. b. the extent of diverse interests in American society. c. America's federal system of government. d. the separation of powers in American government. - ANS>> A basic reason for the existence of so many interest groups in the United States is unequal distribution of property. - ANS>> According to James Madison, the source of most factions is the economic activity - ANS>> The most fully organized interests are those that have which of the following as their primary purpose? allows corporations and labor unions to spend unlimited funds on campaigns. - ANS>> The Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) the opportunity to contribute to a worthy goal or purpose. - ANS>> A purposive incentive is defined as their members receive no direct economic benefit from attainment of the group's goals. - ANS>> Citizens' interest groups are distinguished from economic interest groups by the fact that 2 a single issue group - ANS>> An interest group that focuses on policy benefits for senior citizens would be an example of He was implicated in a scandal involving campaign donations from lobbyist Jack Abramoff. - ANS>> Why did Representative Tom DeLay lose his post as House majority leader? the increasing complexity of policy problems - ANS>> Why have issue networks become more prevalent than iron triangles? cannot be selectively granted or denied to individuals; it must be shared. - ANS>> Some groups pursue collective goods. A collective good is one that the free rider program - ANS>> The situation in which individuals are tempted not to contribute to a cause because they will get the benefits even if they do not participate is called used Internet resources and computer-assisted mailing lists to target potential donors. - ANS>> In order to overcome the free-rider problem, non-economic groups have one in eight - ANS>> Roughly how many American workers currently belong to unions? they have greater access to financial resources. - ANS>> Economic groups have an advantage over non-economic groups because regulatory agencies side with the industries they are supposed to regulate rather than with the public. - ANS>> "Agency capture" occurs when the interest group system is unrepresentative because some interests are far better organized and more powerful than others. - ANS>> A flaw in pluralism theory is the fact that the AARP - ANS>> Which citizens' group did a Fortune magazine survey rank as the nation's most powerful lobbying group? is a written document in which a group explains to a court its position on a legal dispute the court is handling - ANS>> An amicus brief worried that government would be overly dominated by groups, but recognized that a free society is obliged to permit the advocacy of self-interest. - ANS>> In acknowledging the dilemma inherent in group activity, James Madison providing useful and persuasive information to key officials. - ANS>> Effective inside lobbying is based upon 2 incumbents. - ANS>> PACs tend to contribute the most money to issue networks are generally less stable than iron triangles, in that the members of an issue network may change as the issue develops. - ANS>> A main difference between iron triangles and issue networks is that there is no concept of the public interest in a system that gives special interests the ability to determine the policies affecting them. - ANS>> Political scientist Theodore Lowi has questioned pluralist theory by suggesting that targeted the executive branch in their efforts to influence policy decisions. - ANS>> In recent decades, lobbyists in Washington, D.C. have increasingly both initiating lawsuits and lobbying for certain judges to be appointed to the bench. - ANS>> The influence of interest groups through the courts occurs through a small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists who are concerned with promoting a particular interest. - ANS>> The term iron triangle refers to an issue network - ANS>> An informal grouping of officials, lobbyists, and policy specialists who come together temporarily around a policy problem is developing and maintaining close contacts with policymakers. - ANS>> Outside lobbying does NOT include pressure from constituents. - ANS>> Grassroots lobbying is based on the assumption that officials will respond to $3.5 billion - ANS>> Which of the following is roughly the amount that was spent on lobbying in the United States in 2009? 4,000 - ANS>> There are more than ________ political action committees (PACs) in the United States. the AARP - ANS>> The support of ________ was critical to passage of a controversial prescription drug program for the elderly in 2003. business - ANS>> The largest number of PACs are those associated with The opinion of the majority should always prevail in a policy dispute over the opinion of a more intense and directly affected minority. - ANS>> Which of the following statements would NOT be accepted by supporters of the pluralist view of interest groups? 2 the presidential strategy of controlling communications by making nearly all pronouncements from the same location - ANS>> What is the "Rose Garden strategy"? prohibits broadcasters from selling or giving time to political candidates and denying it to their opponents. - ANS>> The FCC's equal time requirement the rapid spread of cable - ANS>> What development brought about a dramatic reduction in television's capacity to generate an interest in news? a small number of news organizations and news services generate most of the news. - ANS>> One of the reasons the reporting of national news is relatively uniform among news sources is that after the September 11th terrorist attacks - ANS>> At which of the following times did the American media step back from their watchdog role? It has expanded the watchdog capacity of the media. - ANS>> How has the Internet affected the watchdog capacity of the media? act primarily as neutral transmitters of information. - ANS>> In contrast with European news media, American news media are more likely to informing the public of breaking events and new developments. - ANS>> The media perform the signaling role by have been less informed than older ones. - ANS>> In terms of news consumption, since the 1980s young adults the press should provide a channel through which political leaders can communicate their views to the public. - ANS>> The news media's common-carrier role is based on the idea that the presidency - ANS>> Which institution receives the most news coverage from the national press? power of the media to serve as watchdog to safeguard against abuses of power. - ANS>> The Watergate scandal illustrates the signaling - ANS>> Agenda-setting is an action that falls under which of the major roles played by the press? The political game is a constant source of fresh material. - ANS>> Which of the following is one of the two major advantages of journalists in covering the political game and strategic aspects of news instead of the policy frame? 2 news organizations are fundamentally businesses and must obtain revenue to survive. - ANS>> The reason the news product is designed to fascinate as well as to inform is because have been hosted by conservatives - ANS>> On both radio and television, most successful partisan talk shows installing talk-show hosts with partisan or hard-edged appeals. - ANS>> CNN and MSNBC have responded to Fox's ratings success by Objective journalism is based on communication of facts and fairness. - ANS>> Which of the following statements is true? George Washington - ANS>> The Gazette of the United States was founded to promote the policies of President provides the ordinary citizen with an opportunity to be part of the news system - ANS>> One special contribution of Internet-based news is that it New York Sun - ANS>> Which newspaper was the first to reduce the price of a daily copy to a penny? Spanish-American War - ANS>> Yellow journalism contributed to public support for the William Randolph Hearst - ANS>> ________ once said, "You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war." infusing it with more stories about celebrities, crime, and the like. - ANS>> The traditional media have "softened" their news by had longer sound bites, on average, in broadcast television newscasts. - ANS>> In the 1960s, presidential candidates the ability to allow readers to interact with news reporting - ANS>> Which of the following characteristics does the Internet have that traditional media lack? Network journalists tend to be negative. - ANS>> Which of the following statements has been shown by scholarly research to be true? signaler - ANS>> On-the-scene coverage of a natural disaster is an example of the press's role of the 1980s - ANS>> During what decade did the American news audience change from a growing to a shrinking one? 2 are timely - ANS>> Among the following, the news media are usually guided by events that a political to a journalistic orientation - ANS>> Historically, the American press has shifted from did not extend to their editorializing - ANS>> During the era of objective journalism, the commitment of newspapers to two-sided news reporting the one true success story of public broadcasting - ANS>> Which of the following does NPR serve as an example of? the rate of Internet news readership. - ANS>> The "long tail" is a phenomenon related to A partisan press is one that concentrates on advancing a particular ideological or partisan viewpoint. The American media, with few exceptions, no longer follows this pattern, although some European newspapers still do so. At one time, the American press was quite partisan. This situation changed with technological innovations such as the telegraph and rotary printing press, which changed the economics of American newspapers. Partly as a reaction against the excesses of yellow journalism, newspapers turned to the objective model of reporting, which concentrates on objective reporting of facts and reports on differing sides of controversial issues. They accomplished this in part by a direct company policy focus on objective reporting and a new focus on the professional ethics of objective journalism by journalism schools - ANS>> Explain the term partisan press. Why was it superseded by the objective press? The modern media effectively perform four significant roles: those of signaler, common- carrier, watchdog, and partisan advocate. The signaling role requires the press to bring relevant events and problems into public view. In its common-carrier role, the press serves as a channel through which political leaders can address the public. The watchdog role requires the press to scrutinize official behavior and uncover evidence of deception, carelessness, or corruption. Finally, the press functions as a partisan advocate. Although the traditional media perform this function to a degree, the newer media (the talk shows and blogs) specialize in it. - ANS>> Explain the four roles of the modern media The development of the broadcast media brought initial chaos primarily because nearby stations often used the same or adjacent radio frequencies, interfering with each other's broadcasts. Congress passed the Communications Act, which regulated broadcasting and created the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to oversee the process. Broadcasters had to be licensed, and because the number of frequencies is limited, licensing required political impartiality. The Communications Act also contained an "equal time" provision, which prohibits broadcasters from selling or giving airtime to a political candidate without offering to sell or give an equal amount of airtime 2 National defense - ANS>> Which of the following is a national power only? Large corporations. - ANS>> Enormous concentrations of wealth and power exist in the U.S. private sector, primarily in the hands of All of these answers are correct. - ANS>> Which of the following is an example of checks and balances? America's origins as a wilderness society led to the belief that government is responsible for providing material assistance to its citizens. - ANS>> Which one of the following is NOT true of cultural or political beliefs in America? Was attended by less than half the thirteen states. - ANS>> The Annapolis convention A mixed economy, with free market capitalism and government regulation. - ANS>> The United States' economy operates primarily as a Plessy v. Ferguson - ANS>> Which decision is indicative of how the Supreme Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment and state discretion in civil rights matters in the decades after the Civil War? Involves the careful gathering and sifting of information in the process of forming a knowledgeable view about a political issue. - ANS>> As described in the text, "political thinking" John C. Calhoun. - ANS>> The doctrine of nullification is most closely associated with Set the precedent for judicial review. - ANS>> Marbury v. Madison is a landmark Supreme Court decision because it Supreme and final governing authority. - ANS>> Sovereignty refers to Enlightenment - ANS>> Which important aspect of European thought had a big impact on the formation of the political culture of America? Six; two - ANS>> The term of office for a U.S. senator is ________ years, while that of a member of the U.S. House is ________ years. Military policy - ANS>> In which of the following policy areas does the U.S. spend more than European nations? Boston Tea Party (1773) First Continental Congress (1774) Beginning of the American Revolution (1775) - ANS>> Which of the following chronologies is correct? 2 Tenth and Eleventh. - ANS>> Starting in the 1990s, the Supreme Court has rolled back some of the power of the national government, basing its decisions primarily on interpretations of these two amendments: Corporate power - ANS>> The average incomes of minimum-wage workers in the United States and Europe reflect a greater influence of which of the following in the United States, when compared to Europe? It created dominant business interests that raised questions about the suitability of dual federalism as a governing concept. - ANS>> What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution upon the concept of dual federalism? Elitism. - ANS>> Sociologist C. Wright Mills was a proponent of the theory of Invalidated key pieces of FDR's New Deal legislation. - ANS>> In key decisions early in the New Deal era, the Supreme Court That method would shield executive power from direct linkage to popular majorities. - ANS>> The writers of the Constitution devised the Electoral College as the method of choosing presidents because Whether the states would accept the lawful authority of the national government. - ANS>> From 1789 to 1865, the most significant issue of federalism was Confederation. - ANS>> The first plan of government for the United States was a President Ronald Reagan - ANS>> ________ advocated a "new federalism." Under communism, the government assumes total management of the economy, whereas under socialism, the government does not try to manage the overall economy. - ANS>> Which of the following is a difference between communism and socialism, as described by the text? 25 - ANS>> At the worst depths of the Great Depression, approximately __ percent of workers were unemployed. Representatives should follow their own judgment of the public interest. - ANS>> Edmund Burke's idea of representatives as trustees was based on the claim that A bill of rights to be quickly added to the Constitution. - ANS>> The Federalists gained enough votes to get the Constitution ratified when they promised this: the Declaration of Independence. - ANS>> In the American political context, John Locke's conception of inalienable rights and the legitimacy of the social contract found its most explicit statement in 2 It demonstrated that Congress was weak and unable to respond to crises in an effective manner. - ANS>> What was the significance of Shays's Rebellion? apportionment of taxes and seats in the U.S. House of Representatives - ANS>> The Three-Fifths Compromise dealt directly with the issue of All these answers are correct, except the answer suggesting they felt the national government would be too weak and ineffective. - ANS>> The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the Constitution because they felt that Congress was overshadowed by the president. - ANS>> Which of the following is NOT true of government under the Articles of Confederation? be less responsive to popular pressure. - ANS>> The Senate was initially designed to factions - ANS>> In Federalist No. 10, James Madison warned against the dangers of power must be used to offset power. - ANS>> The principle of checks and balances is based on the notion that judicial review by the federal courts. - ANS>> Marbury v. Madison (1803) became the foundation for state legistlatures - ANS>> Under the original Constitution, U.S. senators were elected by Andrew Jackson - ANS>> ________ persuaded the states to choose their presidential electors on the basis of the popular vote initiative, referendum, recall election, primary election - ANS>> Which reform occurred during the Progressive Era? Rutherford B. Hayes (1876), Benjamin Harrison (1888), and George W. Bush (2000) - ANS>> After Andrew Jackson's time, which three candidates won the presidency after losing the popular vote? 2 year; 6 year; 4 year - ANS>> Under the U.S. Constitution, members of the U.S. House of Representatives have a ________ term, members of the U.S. Senate have a(n) ________ term, and the president has a ________ term. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay - ANS>> ________ wrote The Federalist Papers. For legislation to be passed, a majority in each chamber of Congress is required. - ANS>> Which of the following is a check on legislative power in the U.S. system? 2 a. unequal distribution of property. - ANS>> 2) According to James Madison, the source of most factions is the a. unequal distribution of property. b. American political tradition of association. c. system of separation of powers in the U.S. d. spirit of individualism. e. concept of majority rule. b. economic activity - ANS>> 3) The most fully organized interests are those that have which of the following as their primary purpose? a. agriculture b. economic activity c. civil liberties d. labor reform e. reform of government b. their members receive no direct economic benefit from attainment of the group's goals. - ANS>> 4) Citizens' interest groups are distinguished from economic interest groups by the fact that a. their leaders are elected by secret ballot of the group's members. b. their members receive no direct economic benefit from attainment of the group's goals. c. they do not lobby government officials directly, but rely instead on public service announcements to get their views across to society. d. they always pursue goals in which there is a high level of agreement among society members. e. All these answers are correct. e. the increasing complexity of policy problems - ANS>> 5) Why have issue networks become more prevalent than iron triangles? a. the increasing power of corporate lobbying b. the increasing diversity of interest groups c. the increasing influence of PACs d. the instability of candidates' positions e. the increasing complexity of policy problems b. the free-rider problem. - ANS>> 6) The situation in which individuals are tempted not to contribute to a cause because they will get the benefits even if they do not participate is called a. the size factor. b. the free-rider problem. c. the special-interest paradox. d. the disincentive factor. e. the zero-sum game 2 False - ANS>> 7) Roughly one in six American workers currently belong to unions. True or False d. they have greater access to financial resources. - ANS>> 8) Economic groups have an advantage over non-economic groups because a. they nearly always have larger memberships. b. they are organized primarily for political purposes. c. they have better leadership. d. they have greater access to financial resources. e. their members are committed to their causes. b. regulatory agencies side with the industries they are supposed to regulate rather than with the public. - ANS>> 9) "Agency capture" occurs when a. a regulatory agency funnels money back into the lobbying organizations that are seeking policy changes. b. regulatory agencies side with the industries they are supposed to regulate rather than with the public. c. the executive branch takes back control of a regulatory agency by passing regulation to prevent undue influence by lobbying organizations. d. a regulatory agency must be dismantled because it has become corrupted. e. an election results in the replacement of an agency's leadership through appointive positions under a new president. c. the AARP - ANS>> 10) Which citizens' group did a Fortune magazine survey rank as the nation's most powerful lobbying group? a. the NAACP b. the AFL-CIO c. the AARP d. MADD e. Common Cause c. worried that government would be overly dominated by groups, but recognized that a free society is obliged to permit the advocacy of self-interest. - ANS>> 11) In acknowledging the dilemma inherent in group activity, James Madison a. argued that the free-rider problem would hurt some groups more than others. b. claimed that government could listen to all groups, but should only enact policies that promote the interests of majority groups. c. worried that government would be overly dominated by groups, but recognized that a free society is obliged to permit the advocacy of self-interest. d. argued that government must restrict the activities of groups, so that political parties could act as the major instrument of democracy. e. All these answers are correct. b. providing useful and persuasive information to key officials. - ANS>> 12) Effective inside lobbying is based upon a. countering the aims of other groups. 2 b. providing useful and persuasive information to key officials. c. mobilizing the group's members. d. bribing or threatening officials. e. using the media to exert pressure. c. issue networks are generally less stable than iron triangles, in that the members of an issue network may change as the issue develops. - ANS>> 13) A main difference between iron triangles and issue networks is that a. an iron triangle includes members of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, while issue networks bypass the judicial branch. b. issue networks involve a stable group of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists, while iron triangles exclude lobbyists in an attempt to reach impartial decisions. c. issue networks are generally less stable than iron triangles, in that the members of an issue network may change as the issue develops. d. issue networks, being less formal, rely on outside lobbying only, while iron triangles use inside lobbying only. e. All these answers are correct. a. targeted the executive branch in their efforts to influence policy decisions. - ANS>> 14) In recent decades, lobbyists in Washington, D.C. have increasingly a. targeted the executive branch in their efforts to influence policy decisions. b. relied on coercive tactics, such as threats of withdrawing election support. c. worked to defeat incumbent members of Congress in order to replace them with members who would be more supportive. d. relied exclusively on inside lobbying as the means of gaining their policy goals. e. ignored the judicial branch as a means of influencing policy decisions. e. both initiating lawsuits and lobbying for certain judges to be appointed to the bench. - ANS>> 15) The influence of interest groups through the courts occurs through a. initiating lawsuits. b. lobbying for certain judges to be appointed to the bench. c. outside lobbying only. d. PACs. e. both initiating lawsuits and lobbying for certain judges to be appointed to the bench. c. a small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists who are concerned with promoting a particular interest. - ANS>> 16) The term iron triangle refers to a. a tightly-knit set of lobbying groups. b. the relationship between the Congress, the military, and defense contractors. c. a small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists who are concerned with promoting a particular interest. d. the strategy of lobbying all three branches of government simultaneously. e. a corrupt relationship among the president, Congress, and the Supreme Court. 2 e. journalists have a tendency to be fairly lazy. b. It has expanded the watchdog capacity of the media - ANS>> 8. How has the Internet affected the watchdog capacity of the media? a. It has diluted the watchdog capacity with an overflow of opinions. b. It has expanded the watchdog capacity of the media. c. It has tainted the watchdog role with a partisan bent. d. It has almost completely usurped the watchdog role from the traditional media outlets. e. It has had little to no effect because it lacks the objective standards of traditional media outlets. a. did not extend to their editorializing. - ANS>> 9. During the era of objective journalism, the commitment of newspapers to two-sided news reporting a. did not extend to their editorializing. b. was enshrined in the editorial section. c. was uniform throughout the sections of a newspaper. d. deteriorated democracy in the United States. e. All these answers are correct. b. the 1980s - ANS>> 10. During what decade did the American news audience change from a growing to a shrinking one? a. the 1960s b. the 1980s c. the 1990s d. the 1970s e. The audience has not yet begun to shrink. d. had longer sound bites, on average, in broadcast television newscasts. - ANS>> 11. In the 1960s, presidential candidates a. received more negative coverage than they do today. b. were largely ignored by the media. c. were hounded by the media incessantly. d. had longer sound bites, on average, in broadcast television newscasts. e. None of these answers is correct. b. infusing it with more stories about celebrities, crime, and the like. - ANS>> 12. The traditional media have "softened" their news by a. infusing it with more partisan talk shows. b. infusing it with more stories about celebrities, crime, and the like. c. infusing it with more coverage of international affairs. d. focusing on editorials instead of nonpartisan facts. e. None of these answers is correct. a. Spanish-American War. - ANS>> 13. Yellow journalism contributed to public support for the a. Spanish-American War. 2 b. Civil War. c. War of 1812. d. Mexican War of 1848. e. American Revolution. a. provides the ordinary citizen with an opportunity to be part of the news system. - ANS>> 14. One special contribution of Internet-based news is that it a. provides the ordinary citizen with an opportunity to be part of the news system. b. provides much faster reporting. c. offers more unbiased reporting. d. prevents rampant editorializing. e. is more accessible by a larger audience than television or radio news reporting. a. Objective journalism is based on communication of facts and fairness. - ANS>> 15. Which of the following statements is true? a. Objective journalism is based on communication of facts and fairness. b. Yellow journalism attempts to describe what is taking place or has occurred. c. The New York Post is the bulletin board of major newspapers. d. Objective journalism is based on communication of facts and fairness, while yellow journalism attempts to describe what is taking place or has occurred. e. None of these answers is correct. e. installing talk-show hosts with partisan or hard-edged appeals. - ANS>> 16. CNN and MSNBC have responded to Fox's ratings success by a. reducing the number of talk shows in their line-up. b. increasing the number of talk shows hosted by liberals. c. attempting to lure audiences by focusing on their unbiased news reporting. d. installing talk-show hosts with nonpartisan appeal. e. installing talk-show hosts with partisan or hard-edged appeals. a. news organizations are fundamentally businesses and must obtain revenue to survive. - ANS>> 17. The reason the news product is designed to fascinate as well as to inform is because a. news organizations are fundamentally businesses and must obtain revenue to survive. b. of the high level of illiteracy. c. the print media wish to emulate the broadcast media. d. of the need to compete with Hollywood productions. e. All these answers are correct. b. signaling - ANS>> 18. Agenda-setting is an action that falls under which of the major roles played by the press? a. common-carrier b. signaling c. watchdog d. partisan advocate 2 e. news interpreter c. power of the media to serve as watchdog to safeguard against abuses of power. - ANS>> 19. The Watergate scandal illustrates the a. futility of media attempts to forecast political events. b. inadequacy of the media as a common-carrier to the public. c. power of the media to serve as watchdog to safeguard against abuses of power. d. ability of the press to serve as the public's representative in political disputes. e. abuse of power by journalists in the United States. d. the press should provide a channel through which political leaders can communicate their views to the public. - ANS>> 20. The news media's common-carrier role is based on the idea that a. the news will be available to all citizens. b. various news organizations should interpret the news in nearly the same way. c. the press should not charge for public service announcements. d. the press should provide a channel through which political leaders can communicate their views to the public. e. the press should be patriotic in the reporting of the news. a. no amendments will be permitted. - ANS>> 1. If the Rules Committee applies the "closed rule" to a bill, a. no amendments will be permitted. b. the bill will not be allowed a vote. c. the bill will require a 2/3 majority for passage. d. no further floor debate is allowed. e. no filibusters will be allowed to prevent a vote. c. a strong challenger. - ANS>> 2. Compared to House incumbents, Senate incumbents are more likely to face the problem of a. raising enough money to run a strong campaign. b. an electorate that is inclined to judge their fitness for reelection in the context of pork- barrel legislation and other favors for the local community. c. a strong challenger. d. name recognition. e. All these answers are correct. e. All these answers are correct. - ANS>> 3. Compared with the Senate majority leader, the Speaker of the House has more power because a. the House places more limits on debate. b. the House is the larger chamber in terms of membership. c. the House has less of a tradition as a chamber of equals. d. the Speaker is that chamber's presiding officer. e. All these answers are correct. 2 e. None of these answers is correct. b. the president being granted more authority by the Constitution in the area of lawmaking. - ANS>> 15. In initiating broad legislative proposals, the president enjoys all the following advantages over Congress EXCEPT a. the president being more likely to take a national perspective on policy issues. b. the president being granted more authority by the Constitution in the area of lawmaking. c. the president's actions receiving more attention from the national media. d. the president having the authority to make policy decisions even when there are conflicting views within the executive branch, while congressional leaders cannot impose their views on other members who disagree with them. e. a lack of fragmentation. a. concerned with national issues, but even more concerned with local ones. - ANS>> 16. Most members of Congress are a. concerned with national issues, but even more concerned with local ones. b. controlled by special interest groups. c. interested only in the work of the subcommittee on which they serve. d. opposed to the seniority system. e. more interested in oversight than in making laws. b. a huge source of both cohesion and division within Congress. - ANS>> 17. By and large, partisanship is a. irrelevant to the work of Congress. b. a huge source of both cohesion and division within Congress. c. relevant only in the context of local representation. d. important in lawmaking and representation but not in oversight. e. more important in foreign policy than in domestic policy. a. lawmaking - ANS>> 18. Which of the following is one of the three major functions of Congress's policymaking role? a. lawmaking b. check the president c. appease special interests d. inform the people e. check the Supreme Court a. by committees and their respective subcommittees. - ANS>> 19. Most of the work on legislation in Congress is done a. by committees and their respective subcommittees. b. on the floor of the House and Senate. c. by conference committees. d. by the president. e. by bureaucratic agencies. 2 b. filibuster - ANS>> 20. What is the strategy employed in the Senate to prevent a bill from coming to a vote? a. mark up b. filibuster c. cloture d. pocket veto e. conference committee d. have expanded in practice to be more powerful than the writers of the Constitution intended. - ANS>> 1. The president's constitutional roles, such as chief executive and commander in chief, a. are based on very precise constitutional grants of power. b. are rooted in tradition only; they have no basis in the language of the Constitution. c. are not subject to check by Congress. d. have expanded in practice to be more powerful than the writers of the Constitution intended. e. are absolute powers under the Constitution. b. 5 - ANS>> 2. Congress has formally declared war ________ times in U.S. history. a. 2 b. 5 c. 55 d. 200 e. 6,500 e. 1939 - ANS>> 3. The Executive Office of the President (EOP) was created in ________. a. 1789 b. 1804 c. 1865 d. 1888 e. 1939 e. the Cabinet (as a whole). - ANS>> 4. The presidential advisory unit that, as a whole, has declined significantly as an advisory resource for the president in the twentieth century is the a. Council of Economic Advisers. b. Office of Management and Budget. c. White House Office. d. National Security Council. e. the Cabinet (as a whole). e. All these answers are correct. - ANS>> 5. Which of the following did the framers want from a president? a. national leadership b. administration of the laws 2 c. statesmanship in foreign affairs d. command of the military e. All these answers are correct. b. II - ANS>> 6. The presidency was created by Article ________ of the U.S. Constitution. a. I b. II c. III d. IV e. VII d. Andrew Jackson - ANS>> 7. ________ ended the practice of party caucuses in Congress and in state legislatures nominating presidential candidates. a. George Washington b. Thomas Jefferson c. James Madison d. Andrew Jackson e. Martin Van Buren e. All these answers are correct. - ANS>> 8. Which of the following presidents failed to win a popular vote majority, but still won the presidency? a. John Quincy Adams b. Rutherford B. Hayes c. Benjamin Harrison d. George W. Bush e. All these answers are correct. c. John Kennedy - ANS>> 9. Which one of the following did NOT serve as a state governor prior to being president? a. Ronald Reagan b. Bill Clinton c. John Kennedy d. George W. Bush e. Jimmy Carter e. All these answers are correct. - ANS>> 10. Which of the following is part of the Executive Office of the President? a. Office of Management and Budget b. National Economic Council c. National Security Council d. Office of the Vice President e. All these answers are correct. c. One must be a natural-born citizen - ANS>> 11. Which of the following is a formal constitutional requirement for becoming president? 2 a. is held in higher esteem by the public. b. is authorized by a constitutional amendment rather than by the original Constitution. c. has a more direct impact on the daily lives of Americans. d. has changed very little during the nation's history. e. is more easily controlled by the voters. a. regulatory agency. - ANS>> 3. Whenever Congress has a perceived need for ongoing control of an economic activity, it has tended to create a a. regulatory agency. b. cabinet department. c. presidential commission. d. government corporation. e. blue ribbon panel. e. respectively, an agency within a cabinet department, an independent agency, and a regulatory agency. - ANS>> 4. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are a. all agencies within cabinet departments. b. all independent agencies. c. respectively, an independent agency, an agency within a cabinet department, and a regulatory agency. d. two cabinet departments and a regulatory agency. e. respectively, an agency within a cabinet department, an independent agency, and a regulatory agency a. executive, legislative, and judicial functions. - ANS>> 5. Regulatory agencies have a. executive, legislative, and judicial functions. b. legislative and executive functions, but no judicial functions. c. adjudicative and law enforcement functions. d. multilateral, law enforcement, and executive functions. e. All these answers are correct. a. merit criteria. - ANS>> 6. Most federal employees are hired on the basis of a. merit criteria. b. patronage. c. previous job experience in the private sector. d. the personal preferences of immediate supervisors. e. a lottery system. a. carrying out decisions made by Congress, the president, and the courts. - ANS>> 7. Policy implementation refers to the bureaucratic function of a. carrying out decisions made by Congress, the president, and the courts. b. regulating the distribution of funds to individuals and corporations. c. delegating legislative authority to smaller operating units of the bureaucracy. 2 d. both regulating the distribution of funds to individuals and corporations, and delegating legislative authority to smaller operating units of the bureaucracy. e. None of these answers is correct. c. provides for a neutral administration in the sense that civil servants are not partisan appointees, thus ensuring evenhanded work. - ANS>> 8. As distinct from the patronage system, the merit system for managing the bureaucracy a. allows the president to appoint top officials of executive agencies, thus making the bureaucracy more responsive to election outcomes. b. provides for presidential leadership of the bureaucracy, thus giving it greater coordination and direction. c. provides for a neutral administration in the sense that civil servants are not partisan appointees, thus ensuring evenhanded work. d. provides that all programs will be evaluated regularly to determine whether they merit continued funding. e. All these answers are correct. a. be staffed by people chosen on the basis of ability and do its work fairly on behalf of all citizens. - ANS>> 9. The administrative concept of neutral competence holds that the bureaucracy should a. be staffed by people chosen on the basis of ability and do its work fairly on behalf of all citizens. b. stay out of conflicts between Congress and the president. c. be structured on the basis of the principles of specialization, hierarchy, and formal rules. d. not allow in-fighting between agencies. e. be staffed by partisan presidents. c. their own agency's point of view. - ANS>> 10. Bureaucrats tend to follow a. the wishes of the president. b. the wishes of Congress. c. their own agency's point of view. d. the expectations of the general public. e. the wishes of federal judges. 11. Which of the following is true of federal employees and labor unions? a. Federal employees are prohibited from forming labor unions. b. Federal employees can form labor unions, but their unions by law have limited authority. c. There are no restrictions on the creation and powers of labor unions by federal employees. d. Among federal employees, only members of federal corporations can legally form labor unions. e. Federal employees can form labor unions but are not allowed to participate in collective bargaining. - ANS>> 11. Which of the following is true of federal employees and labor unions? 2 a. Federal employees are prohibited from forming labor unions. b. Federal employees can form labor unions, but their unions by law have limited authority. c. There are no restrictions on the creation and powers of labor unions by federal employees. d. Among federal employees, only members of federal corporations can legally form labor unions. e. Federal employees can form labor unions but are not allowed to participate in collective bargaining. c. specialists; generalists - ANS>> 12. Bureaucrats are ________ and elected officials are ________. a. generalists; specialists b. generalists; generalists c. specialists; generalists d. specialists; specialists e. popular; unpopular c. is composed of civil employees that can be assigned by the president to any position within the bureaucracy. - ANS>> 13. The Senior Executive Service (SES) a. is composed of civil employees that can be fired more easily than normal career civil servants. b. was designed to combat abuse of the patronage system. c. is composed of civil employees that can be assigned by the president to any position within the bureaucracy. d. has been more successful in practice than its proponents anticipated. e. assigns most of its senior executives to work within a different agency than the one in which they originally worked. a. acts of Congress. - ANS>> 14. Legally, the bureaucracy derives general authority for its programs from a. acts of Congress. b. federalism. c. regulatory rulings. d. court rulings. e. the will of the people. e. It has moved from a limited role of keeping track of agency spending to also monitoring whether the agency is implementing policies in the way Congress intended. - ANS>> 15. How has the Government Accountability Office's role changed? a. It has acquired wide judicial and adjudication powers to deal with inter-agency disputes. b. It has changed from a presidential-executive support agency to largely a congressional support agency. c. It has been given broader powers over time to actually grant additional funds or take away funds directly from agencies. 2 a. defer to precedent and to decisions made by legislature. - ANS>> 6. According to the doctrine of judicial restraint, the judiciary should a. defer to precedent and to decisions made by legislature. b. deny most appeals for retrials. c. deny individual rights when they conflict with the majority's desires. d. decline to make any decision that requires judges to give added meaning to the words of the Constitution. e. conform to the will of the people as measured by public opinion polls. a. blocked a manual recount of the Florida presidential vote. - ANS>> 7. In Bush v. Gore (2000), the Supreme Court a. blocked a manual recount of the Florida presidential vote. b. declined to get involved in the electoral process. c. cast a unanimous vote. d. deferred to the Florida Supreme Court in the election dispute between the two major party candidates. e. decided that there was no federal question in the dispute. e. None of these answers is correct. - ANS>> 8. Compared to Supreme Court nominations, those for the lower federal courts a. are, although much greater in number, irrelevant to a president's policy agenda. b. are not subject to partisan consideration. c. have a much greater probability of being rejected by the Senate. d. are not subject to senatorial courtesy. e. None of these answers is correct. d. had all these effects: Federal judges and justices serve, effectively, until they die or choose to retire; they are provided the opportunity to carry out their duties without immediate fear of reprisal by the president or Congress; and presidents are able to influence judicial policy through their appointments long after leaving the White House. - ANS>> 9. The constitutional provision that federal judges and justices hold office "during good behavior" has a. meant, in effect, that they will serve until they die or choose to retire. b. provided them the opportunity to carry out their duties without immediate fear of reprisal by the president or Congress. c. enabled presidents to influence judicial policy through their appointments long after leaving the White House. d. had all these effects: Federal judges and justices serve, effectively, until they die or choose to retire; they are provided the opportunity to carry out their duties without immediate fear of reprisal by the president or Congress; and presidents are able to influence judicial policy through their appointments long after leaving the White House. e. None of these answers is correct. a. foreign diplomats. - ANS>> 10. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in legal disputes involving a. foreign diplomats. 2 b. the president. c. the Congress. d. private parties. e. free speech and equal protection issues. c. district court. - ANS>> 11. The lowest level of the federal court system is the a. circuit court of appeal. b. highest level of the state courts. c. district court. d. justice of the peace. e. supreme judicial tribunal. a. Congress. - ANS>> 12. The number and types of lower federal courts is established by a. Congress. b. the president. c. the Constitution. d. the Supreme Court. e. the Justice Department. b. a writ of certiorari. - ANS>> Most cases heard by the Supreme Court reach it under a. its original jurisdiction. b. a writ of certiorari. c. a per curiam decision. d. a writ of error. e. a writ of mandamus. c. Earl Warren - ANS>> Which of the following Supreme Court justices was appointed by President Dwight Eisenhower? a. Sandra Day O'Connor b. John Stevens c. Earl Warren d. Louis Brandeis e. David Souter c. Ruth Bader Ginsburg - ANS>> 15. Which of the following Supreme Court justices was appointed during the Clinton administration? a. Sandra Day O'Connor b. Clarence Thomas c. Ruth Bader Ginsburg d. Robert Bork e. John Paul Stevens d. election to office - ANS>> 16. What is the most common method in the states for the selection of judges? a. appointment by the state supreme courts 2 b. promotion from within the legal establishment c. appointment by the governor d. election to office e. appointment by state legislatures b. maintain legal consistency over time, so confusion and uncertainty about the law can be avoided. - ANS>> Precedent, while not an absolute constraint on the courts, is needed to a. preserve the courts as a counter majoritarian institution. b. maintain legal consistency over time, so confusion and uncertainty about the law can be avoided. c. check the president in the area of public law. d. balance the policy making authority of Congress. e. check the president in the area of foreign policy. c. attempts to stay close enough to public opinion so as to avoid outright defiance of its decisions. - ANS>> With regard to public opinion, the Supreme Court a. ignores it in order to make decisions that are based on enduring values rather than the public's passing whims. b. remains uninformed about it because justices stay on the bench for life and never face the public scrutiny of an election. c. attempts to stay close enough to public opinion so as to avoid outright defiance of its decisions. d. attempts to follow it very closely in order to create public enthusiasm for its rulings. e. None of these answers is correct a. an interest that is not a direct party to the case. - ANS>> 19. An amicus curiae ("friend of the court") brief provides a court with the view held by a. an interest that is not a direct party to the case. b. the Justice Department. c. the House and Senate judiciary committees. d. the American Bar Association. e. the solicitor general. d. invalidate the actions of other institutions when judges believe they have acted unconstitutionally. - ANS>> 20. The judiciary's status as an independent branch of national government depends on judicial review, which grants the judiciary the authority to a. make political decisions; judges can overturn any congressional or presidential decision they personally dislike. b. decide which laws apply to a particular case. c. ignore public opinion when making decisions. d. invalidate the actions of other institutions when judges believe they have acted unconstitutionally. e. strike down certain sections of the Constitution. 2 e. None of these answers is correct. e. All these answers are correct. - ANS>> 11. Which of the following is true regarding the Kyoto agreement and greenhouse gas emissions? a. The United States is the largest single producer of greenhouse emissions in the world, on a per-capita basis. b. President George W. Bush rejected the agreement. c. It was a multinational effort to reduce carbon emissions. d. The burden of addressing the global warming problem will fall unevenly on nations. e. All these answers are correct. b. Franklin Roosevelt - ANS>> 12. Which president's use of government policy as economic stimulus ushered in the modern era of U.S. government fiscal policy? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Franklin Roosevelt c. Lyndon Johnson d. Woodrow Wilson e. William Clinton c. increase spending. - ANS>> 13. If the economic problem is low productivity and high unemployment, the fiscal policy action on the demand side would be to a. increase taxes. b. cut business taxes. c. increase spending. d. decrease spending. e. None of these answers is correct. c. shifted from corporations to individuals. - ANS>> 14. Over the past forty years, the burden of federal taxation has a. shifted from big business to small business. b. shifted from individuals to corporations. c. shifted from corporations to individuals. d. evened out between individuals and corporations. e. None of these answers is correct. a. The national parks are subject to a dual use policy of preservation, recreation, and exploitation of the rich natural resources. - ANS>> 15. Which of the following is correct about environmental policy? a. The national parks are subject to a dual use policy of preservation, recreation, and exploitation of the rich natural resources. b. The Environmental Protection Agency was elevated to cabinet status in 1998 by President Clinton and the Republican Congress. c. Environmental regulation has done little to improve air and water quality. d. Policymakers always give more consideration to environmental protection than to economic development when the two conflict. e. None of these answers is correct. 2 d. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 - ANS>> 16. The ________ established minimum wages and constraints on the use of child labor. a. Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 b. Banking Act of 1934 c. Airlines Deregulation Act of 1977 d. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 e. Homestead Act of 1862 c. 1979 - ANS>> 17. The highest rate of inflation (13 percent) since World War II occurred in ________. a. 1955 b. 1963 c. 1979 d. 1991 e. 2002 c. Workers were given the right to bargain collectively. - ANS>> 18. What was a major change brought about by the National Labor Relations Act of 1935? a. It established the national minimum wage. b. It broke up business monopolies in order to give workers more choice in employer. c. Workers were given the right to bargain collectively. d. It eliminated the ability of companies to bargain directly with unions. e. It reduced the ability of workers to go on strike indefinitely. d. all of these: the Federal Trade Commission; the Interstate Commerce Commission; and the Antitrust Division of the Justice Department - ANS>> 19. Which of the following government agencies regulates business competition? a. Federal Trade Commission b. Interstate Commerce Commission c. Antitrust Division of the Justice Department d. all of these: the Federal Trade Commission; the Interstate Commerce Commission; and the Antitrust Division of the Justice Department e. None of these answers is correct. d. 15% - ANS>> 20. About what percentage of the annual federal budget is accounted for by the interest paid on the national debt? a. 50% b. 5% c. 25% d. 15% e. 2% Equity - ANS>> A ruling by the Food and Drug Administration that a drug is dangerous to use and therefore cannot be marketed is an example of regulation for the purpose of 2 a. an administrative law judge. - ANS>> When an individual believes that he or she was improperly disadvantaged by a bureaucrat's decision and contests the decision, the dispute is usually handled by a public assistance program. - ANS>> In contrast with Medicare, the Medicaid program is b. isolationism to internationalism. - ANS>> The phrase that BEST describes the shift in America's world position from the pre- to the post-World War II eras is in response to actual legal cases. - ANS>> According to the Constitution, the federal courts can issue a decision only selection of judges; state - ANS>> The merit plan applies to ________ in the ________ court system. adherence to precedent. - ANS>> The term stare decisis refers to 1824 - ANS>> The U.S. House of Representatives last decided the outcome of a presidential election in ________. its public perception of welfare dependency and irresponsibility. - ANS>> The Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFD~program was unpopular in part because of d. He recognized he had no chance of getting a better farm bill. - ANS>> Why did President Obama sign the 2014 farm bill? d. Lebanon. - ANS>> The United States and NATO intervened with air strikes to help overthrow a long-time dictator in this country: Americans prefer that society's material benefits be allocated through the economic marketplace rather than through government policies. - ANS>> To what was political scientist Robert Lane referring when using the term "market justice"? c. George H. W. Bush Correct - ANS>> Which president called for a "new world order"? d. all of these: heavy defense expenditures; isolation from Western technology and markets; and its inefficient centralized command economy. Correct - ANS>> One reason the Soviet Union eventually collapsed was The United States - ANS>> ________ has the highest child poverty rate among the Western democracies. True - ANS>> 1) America is a democratic system, a constitutional system and a free market system all at the same time. (True or False)