Anatomy and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems, Slides of Dental Anatomy

Download Anatomy and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems and more Slides Dental Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity! Goals: 1. Identify the structures of the male and female reproductive systems, including the gross and microscopic anatomy of the organs, structures and accessory glands and their basic functions. 2. Explain meiosis, spermatogenesis and oogenesis. 3. Discuss the changes that occur in the female reproductive system during pregnancy. Docsity.com  Gonads, or Primary Sex Organs = ovaries and testes  Produce gametes (ova and spermatozoa)  And hormones  Transportation System  Transport of gametes  Secondary or Accessory Organs  Glands (e.g., prostate)  External genitalia Docsity.com Docsity.com Docsity.com of > SSS ee hee ot  Function: supports, protects, and regulates temperature  Scrotum consists of  Skin, fascia  Dartos muscle (smooth)  Tunica vaginalis  Median raphé  Allows the testes to remain ~3°C cooler than core temperature  Involuntary contraction of dartos and cremaster muscles (cremasteric reflex) in response to cold or sexual arousal Docsity.com In 3% of full-term and 30% of premature deliveries Significance? - Treatment? Docsity.com  Fibrous capsule – tunica albuginea – surrounds testes  Lobules contain approx. 800 Seminiferous Tubules collect at rete testis  Interstitial (Leydig) Cells make testosterone  Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells aid spermatogenesis Docsity.com Spermatids beginnir spermiogenesis Spermatids completing spermiogenesis Sustentacular cells Initial spermiogenesis Secondary spermatoac a res in Secondary in Meiosis II “ < . oy spermatocyte Level of blood-testis ———— + y > barrier y S / D\ preparing for) Meiosis | Fibroblast mn Connective tissue capsule Interstitial cells (d) Wall of seminiferous tubule   Spermatid maturation into spermatozoa with help of sustentacular (Sertoli) cells  Spermiation: Spermatozoon released into lumen of seminiferous tubules Docsity.com  Sertoli Cells:  Maintenance of blood testis barrier  special lumen fluid high in sex hormones, K+ and aa  Protection from immune attack (due to sperm specific Ag)  Suspend spermatids and support spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis  FSH and Testosterone work via Sertoli cells  Secretion of inhibin to slow sperm production  Secretion of androgen-binding protein (ABP) Docsity.com  Interstitial Cells  Located between tubules produce testosterone  Controlled by LH Docsity.com Fig 24.7 Can be palpated as it passes over the pubic brim. Constituents :  Pampiniform plexus of spermatic vein  Spermatic artery  Ductus (vas) deferens  Smooth muscle  Lymphatics  Nerves-ilioinguinal and genitofemoral Docsity.com  Local anesthetic  Two small incisions  Ligate and remove a small section of each vas deferens  Seminal fluid is unchanged  Spermatozoa are reabsorbed  Reversal? Docsity.com Provide for 95% of the seminal fluid 1. Seminal Vesicles 2. Prostate Gland 3. Bulbourethral glands Docsity.com  Risk Factors:  Age  Race  Genetics  Usually grows slowly  Often slow urination is first sign  Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) and/or PSA  Imaging techniques  Treatment depends on size of tumor and other factors Docsity.com Pea size, paired, at base of penis Produce about 10% of semen Alkaline mucus buffers the acid that may be present in urine Docsity.com 2-5 ml ejaculate Ejaculation of semen by pelvic floor and penile muscles (Sympathetic division induces peristalsis in tract) Constituents: 1. sperm - 20 - 100 million sperm/ ml 2. seminal fluid – 60% from seminal vesicles 3. enzymes - proteases and seminal plasmin Docsity.com  Seminiferous tubules  Convoluted, then Straight  Rete testis  Efferent Ductules  Epididymis (head, body, tail)  Vas (ductus) deferens  Ampulla of vas deferens  Ejaculatory duct  Prostatic urethra  Membranous urethra  Penile (spongy) urethra Fig 27.8 Posterior view Vas deferens Docsity.com Docsity.com