Study Notes on Students with Disabilities: Key Concepts and Laws, Exams of Nursing

Download Study Notes on Students with Disabilities: Key Concepts and Laws and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Students with Disabilities CST Question & Answers 2024 mainstreaming - Correct Answers ✅integrating students with disabilities or special needs into the overall educational program Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act (IDEIA) - Correct Answers ✅federal law that governs the education of children with disabilities Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - Correct Answers ✅U.S. legislation granting educational rights to people with cognitive, emotional, or physical disabilities from birth until age 21; initially passed in 1975, it has been amended and reauthorized in 1997 and again in 2004. IDEA operates under six basic principles: zero reject, nondiscriminatory identification and evaluation, free and appropriate public education, least restrictive environment, due process, and parent and student participation in shared decision making with regard to educational planning. Child Find - Correct Answers ✅A function of each state, mandated by federal law, to locate and refer individuals who might require special education Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) - Correct Answers ✅Special education and related services that (a) have been provided at public expense, under public supervision and direction and without charge; (b) meet the standards of the state educational agency; (c) include an appropriate preschool, elementary, or secondary school education in Students with Disabilities CST Question & Answers 2024 the state involved; and (d) are provided in conformity with the individualized education program Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) - Correct Answers ✅a legal requirement that children with special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in which they can be expected to learn Continuum of Services - Correct Answers ✅matching the needs of the student with an appropriate placement on an individual basis Individualized Education Plan (IEP) - Correct Answers ✅a legal document defining the educational program and related services for a specific student who has a disability Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) - Correct Answers ✅a written document similar to an IEP that focuses on the family and the child's natural environment Vocational Rehabilitation Act - Correct Answers ✅prohibits discrimination on the basis of physical or mental disabilities Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) - Correct Answers ✅helps ensure the privacy of educational records such as IEPs Students with Disabilities CST Question & Answers 2024 Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) - Correct Answers ✅offers programs, services, and a variety of resources that promote inclusion, equity, and opportunity for students with disabilities Council for Exceptional Children - Correct Answers ✅An organization that was founded in 1922 to advocate for all children with disabilities is called the receptive language - Correct Answers ✅ability to comprehend speech expressive language - Correct Answers ✅the ability to use sounds, signs, or symbols to communicate meaning Phonology - Correct Answers ✅the study of speech sounds in language phoneme - Correct Answers ✅in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit Semantics - Correct Answers ✅the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning Students with Disabilities CST Question & Answers 2024 Syntax - Correct Answers ✅sentence structure and word order Morphology - Correct Answers ✅study of form Pragmatics (use) - Correct Answers ✅the rules of language governing how language is used for social purposes orthography - Correct Answers ✅the conventional spelling system of a language Concepts of Print - Correct Answers ✅Basic understanding about the way print works including the direction of print, spacing, punctuation, letters, and words Alphabetic knowledge - Correct Answers ✅The ability to recognize, name, and write letters Alphabetic Principle - Correct Answers ✅an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken words phonological awareness - Correct Answers ✅the ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language Students with Disabilities CST Question & Answers 2024 Decoding - Correct Answers ✅sounding out words fluency - Correct Answers ✅smoothness of speech Pre-alphabetic phase - Correct Answers ✅Children can identify words, but they do so by treating words as visual objects, rather than applying letter-sound associations Partial Alphabetic Phase - Correct Answers ✅children know some letters and letter-sound associations and can use them along with context clues Full alphabetic phase - Correct Answers ✅children apply alphabet knowledge systematically when decoding and often decode words letter by letter consolidated alphabetic phase - Correct Answers ✅recurring letter patterns become consolidated. Rather than sounding out words letter by letter, children recognize that certain groups of letters function as units Digraphs - Correct Answers ✅pairs of letters that represent a single sound like "sh" and "oo" Students with Disabilities CST Question & Answers 2024 deaf-blindness - Correct Answers ✅Simultaneous hearing and visual impairments, the combination of which causes such severe communication and other developmental and educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely for children with deafness or children with blindness. deafness - Correct Answers ✅an extreme hearing impairment that adversely impacts the student's educational performance Emotional Disturbance - Correct Answers ✅a condition that reflects at least one of the following: an inability to learn; an inability to build or sustain satisfactory personal relationships; feeling or behaviors that are ordinarily inappropriate; pervasive unhappiness or depression; a tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears related to personal problems or problems at school hearing impairment - Correct Answers ✅an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects a child's educational performance but is not included under the definition of "deafness." intellectual disability - Correct Answers ✅refers to general intellectual ability that is significantly below average, combined with limitations in adaptive behavior, which adversely impacts the student's educational performance Students with Disabilities CST Question & Answers 2024 multiple disabilities - Correct Answers ✅a combination of disabilities that is so severe the student cannot benefit from programs designed for any one of those disabilities Orthopedic Impairment (OI) - Correct Answers ✅refers to musculoskeletal problems, congenital or adventitious, that adversely influence the student's educational performance. Ex: cerebral palsy, polio, and amputations Other Health Impairment (OHI) - Correct Answers ✅refers to health problems affecting strength, energy, or alertness to a degree that adversely impacts the student's educational performance. Ex: leukemia, epilepsy, diabetes, asthma, lupus, and sickle cell anemia Specific Learning Disability - Correct Answers ✅a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations. Ex: dyslexia, dyscalculia Speech or Language Impairment - Correct Answers ✅a communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance Students with Disabilities CST Question & Answers 2024 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - Correct Answers ✅A traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes. Visual Impairment - Correct Answers ✅visual problems that adversely influence the student's educational performance Assessment - Correct Answers ✅the systematic gathering of information about students in order to make decisions that may benefit their educational experience Assessment vs. Evaluation - Correct Answers ✅Assessment: an ongoing process of monitoring student learning and identifying areas of strengths and weakness. The ultimate goal is to improve student achievement Evaluation: the determination of what students have already achieved. The goal is to judge the extent of student achievement Observational assessment - Correct Answers ✅yields descriptions of student behavior in natural settings, intended to be as objective as possible with making inferences about underlying thoughts, motives, feelings, and expectations Students with Disabilities CST Question & Answers 2024 authentic assessment - Correct Answers ✅provided descriptions of student performance on real-life tasks carried out in real-world settings rubric - Correct Answers ✅a guide to the evaluation of student work that provides definitions of different levels of performance portfolio - Correct Answers ✅a collection of work produced by a student over time. The goal is to gauge student effort, progress, and achievement through examinations of many different kinds of work that the student has produced in a particular class or related to a specific theme norm-referenced assessment - Correct Answers ✅provides results for an individual student that are related to norms; most results indicate the individual performance compared to others of the same age, they are standardized - WISC, Battelle Criterion-Referenced Assessment - Correct Answers ✅Compares the individual's performance to some predetermined standard or criterion. individual-referenced assessment - Correct Answers ✅used to compare an individual's score at one point with the same individual's score at a later point - running record Students with Disabilities CST Question & Answers 2024 New York State Alternative Assessment (NYSAA) - Correct Answers ✅administered to students whom the CSE has designated as having severe cognitive disabilities. These students must be assessed by means of the NYSAA once per year, beginning at age 9 and continuing through age 14, in order to document their progress toward achieving the New York State learning standards and alternate grade-level indicators Performance-based assessment - Correct Answers ✅An alternative assessment method based on a student's performance of a skill based on a real-life situation. Validity - Correct Answers ✅The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure Realibility - Correct Answers ✅the consistency of assessment results Curriculum-Based Assessment - Correct Answers ✅This is a particular type of criterion-referenced test in which the test items are taken from the curriculum being taught to the student. This type of test can provide information regarding how well the student is learning the curriculum being taught. Mediation - Correct Answers ✅a meeting between parents and school represents conducted by a qualified, impartial mediator whose goal is to find a resolution that satisfies all parties Students with Disabilities CST Question & Answers 2024 manifestation determination review - Correct Answers ✅meeting of IEP team with administrators and parents to determine whether a student's misbehavior is a manifestation of the student's disability, or whether it resulted from the school's failure to appropriately implement the IEP - applies to recurring or extreme behavior transition - Correct Answers ✅intended to help prepare students with disabilities for life after their K-12 education homogeneous groups - Correct Answers ✅students are similar to each other in some respect heterogeneous group - Correct Answers ✅students are different from each other in some important respect