Study Guide 3 for American History II - Service Learning | HIST 2020, Study notes of World History

Download Study Guide 3 for American History II - Service Learning | HIST 2020 and more Study notes World History in PDF only on Docsity! HISTORY 2020 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE  18th Amendment- Prohibition laws  Pragmatist- Said that the value of an idea was measured by the action it inspired; also believed that there were no laws governing society that could not be changed; strongest in urban areas  17th Amendment- provided for the popular or direct election of the senators  Americans had 3 choices/roads: 1. Go back to the past 2. Led to socialist future 3. Pioneered by modern trade unit (one they chose)  Muckraking- Investigative journalism; benefited from a new phenomenon in American literature- it was the magazine revolution in the later part of 19th century; benefited from the accident of fortunate timing; it won public approval because it continued the tradition of self education that had been so strong in 19th century America; it has always been and will always be popular;  Hepburn Act- reinforced the interstate commerce commission; increased 5-7 members, set up a uniform accounting/bookkeeping system for commission, gave jurisdiction over express/sleeping car companies, oil pipe lines, terminals bridges, ferry’s  Pure Food and Drug Act- prohibited the manufacture, sale and transport of fraudulently labeled and adulterated food and drugs through interstate commerce  Meat Inspection Act- aimed at the dangerous and discreditable conditions in the meat packing industry; it provided for the enforcement of sanitary regulations in meat packaging plants and federal inspection of all companies selling meat through interstate commerce  Upton Sinclair-THE JUNGLE (promoted the act above)  Aldrich-Vreeland Act – provided for a national monetary commission investigate the banking & currency systems in Europe 7 the Us its report which came out in 1912 provided the basis for the passage of the Federal Reserve Act in 1913  The Mann-Elkins Act- put all telephone, telegram, cable, and wireless companies under the control of the interstate commerce commission  “New Nationalism Speech”- Roosevelt; government had the right to control business/private property if it was in the public interest to do so  16th amendment- income tax (federal) under Taft  1912 Progressives & Roosevelt:Bull Moose Party/Progressive party o Reps- The New Nationalism- the government would actively regulate and stimulate the economy and wasteful competition would be replaced by efficiency o Dems-The New Freedom- big business and gov’t would be restrained allowing the individual to forge ahead on his own  Federal Reserve Act- reformed nations banking system & gave US stable flexible currency  Clayton Anti-Trust Act- outlawed an unfair number of trade practiced and limited court justices against labor  FTC- federal trade commission; set up to supervise business  Reasons Wilson retreated from Reformation 1. Preoccupied with outbreak of WW1 2. Headed the support in congress of southern conservative democrats 3. Reps were beginning to make political gains by attacking Wilson’s progressive legislation  Plattsburg Idea- military training camps for civilians; kind of like a summer camp  Oscar II- Henry Ford’s Ship  National Defense act- provided for an expanded army during peace and wartime; purpose=draw blueprints for national defense, established ROTC programs in colleges  Creel Committee/ Committee on public information- headed by George Creel (newspaper editor) purpose: unite public opinion behind the warfront  Liberty Lone Act- war finance measure; authorized sale of war bombs to the public; u.s. could make loans to allies to buy food and supplies  Selective Service Act- registration/classification of all males 18-45  Espionage Act- aimed at treasonable/disloyal activities; severe penalties 10,000 fine 20 year prison; anyone caught aiding enemy, obstructing or recruiting, disloyalty in the armed service; aimed at pacifists and socialists who opposed war  War Industrialist Board-coordinate industrialist war activity  War Revenue/Finance Act-made income tax the chief source of revenue during the war; increase tax on corporations, postal rates, sharp increase in excise tax  Trading With the Enemy Act- prevented trade with Germany and its Allies; set up office known as the office of alien property custodian ;  U.S. Railroad Administration- congress passed to avoid strikes, government controlled railroad during the war, socialism act  War Finance Cooperation- loan money at reasonable rates to industries involved in war effort  Sedition Act- amendment to Espionage Act, made illegal to criticize Army, govt, etc. if you did, subject to inditement, Eugine Debbs sentenced  Wilson’s war effort-  Wilson- Progressive o DRAFT: makes an angency staffed by civilians o Believed he had to sell the war  Incorporated territory - expected to become state one day full constitutional rights  Unincorporated territory - not expected to become state, no constitutional rights (depends)  Commonwealth- name of all US territories, never use word colony 5. Adjustment of colonial claims, that in determining all such questions of sovereignty, the interests of the people concerned must have equal weight with the claims of the government whose title is to be determined. 6. Russian territory should be evacuated, and Russia welcomed into the society of free nations. 7. Belgium should be evacuated and restored. 8. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored. 9. The frontiers of Italy should be readjusted along clearly recognizable lines of nationality. 10. The peoples of Austria-Hungary should have the freest opportunity to independent development. 11. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored, Serbia should have free and secure access to the sea, and the relations of the several Balkan states to each other should be determined by friendly counsel, and political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be internationally guaranteed. 12. The Turkish portion of the Ottoman Empire should have a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are under Turkish rule should have an undoubted security of life and an opportunity of independent development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as passage to the ships and commerce of all nations. 13. An independent Polish state should be erected including the territories inhabited by Polish populations, which should have free access to the sea. 14. The League of Nations should be formed.  Treaty of Versailles – if US ratified then automatically joined the League of Nations, US never signed, required Germany to accept sole responsibility for causing the war and to disarm, make substantial territorial concessions and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Allies  Wilson made peace efforts a partisan effort, discovered Allies wanted to punish Germany, did succeed in creating League of Nations  Sacco-Vanzetti trial- convicted for radical views/ executed  Henry Mencken – dominate social & literary critic of decade of 20’s  Automobile, assembly line, & city became dominant feature of 20’s  Flappers – young woman who exercise individual freedom, short dresses, curly hair, drank/smoke, demanded sex like men  Biggest change in family was discover of adolescence, no longer had to work  Volstead Act – provided enforcement of machinery for the 18th amendment  Red Scare – Abe Palmer, picked up aliens & deported them, Jan 1920 largest roundup  Ku Klux Klan – revived, hated immigrants/Jews/Catholics, favored prohibition, offered sanctuary of traditional American views for people afraid of new world, had political power in TX, OK & IN  20’s appeared to be dominated by Republicans but beneath the surface Democratic urban wing was becoming single biggest  3 Republicans of 20’s 1. Warren Harding 2. Calvin Coolidge 3. Hubert Hoover  Presidential election 1920 - Socialist- Eugine Debb - Republican- Warren G. Harding  Ohio Gang – group of self seeking politicians that surrounded Hardy  Teapot Dome Scandal– two fields for Navy use only, Hardy transferred oil fields to Albert Fall, who secretly leases it to oil men, received bribes and cows, found guilty  Albert Fall – Secretary of Interior, part of Teapot Dome Scandal  4 reasons for 1920/21 severe economic recession 1. Very tight credit 2. Heavy inventories 3. Glutted domestic market 4. Decline in American exports  19th amendment – women suffrage  Robert LaFollette’s Wisconsin Idea - close cooperation between the state government and the University of Wisconsin in the development of progressive policy, goals of his policy included the recall, referendum, direct primary, and initiative., all of these were aimed at giving citizens a more direct role in government