Study Guide Exam 2 Microbiology, Exams of Microbiology

Download Study Guide Exam 2 Microbiology and more Exams Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity! Write your name and which exam form you are taking on the scantron. Read each question carefully. Choose the BEST answer for each question and fill in the appropriate selection on the scantron. For True/False questions, A = True and B = false. Good luck! 1. Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called A. Spores B. Parasites C. Pseudohyphae D. Dimorphic E. Saprobes 2. Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial A. Cell walls B. Slime layers C. Inclusions D. Capsules E. Cell membranes 3. The eukaryotic cell's glycocalyx is A. The site where many metabolic reactions occur B. Protection against osmotic lysis C. Mostly polysaccharide D. Also called the cell wall E. Composed of many diverse proteins 4. HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from A. Air B. Liquids C. Human tissues D. Medical instruments E. All of the choices are correct 5. The fragile cell produced when gram positive bacterial are exposed to lysozyme or penicillin is a/an A. Spheroplast B. Glycocalyx C. Mycoplasma D. Protoplast E. Glycan 6. This is often used in forensic science to distinguish one sequence of DNA from another by comparing the sequence of the strands at specific loci A. Cloning B. Gene therapy C. Antisense therapeutic D. DNA fingerprinting E. None of the choices are correct 7. Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are A. Oncoviruses B. Inclusion bodies C. Syncytia D. Chronic latent viruses E. Cytiopathic 8. Restriction endonucleases are obtained from various species of bacteria. True False 9. Which of the following is mismatched? A. Cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution B. Inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials C. Ribosomes - protein synthesis D. Nucleoid - hereditary material E. Plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism 10. His tones are A. Proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus B. On the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum C. Enzymes found in lysosomes D. Found in polyribosomes E. Proteins of the cytoskeleton 11. Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi? A. Lysosomes B. Golgi apparatus C. Mitochondria D. Chloroplasts E. Endoplasmic reticulum 12. During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a/an A. Endospore B. Sporozoa C. Trophozoite D. Seed E. Cyst 13. The shortest time required to kill all the microbes in a sample at a specified temperature is called the A. Thermal death point (TDP) B. Thermal death time (TDT) C. Sporicidal time D. Death phase point E. None of the choices are correct 27. All bacterial cells have A. Capsules B. One or more chromosomes C. One or more fimbriae D. Flagella E. The ability to produce endospores 28. The easiest microbial forms to kill or inhibit are A. Vegetative bacteria and fungi B. Endospores C. Naked viruses D. Mycobacteria and staphylococci E. Protozoan cysts 29. _____ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications. A. Koch's B. Pasteur's C. Lister's D. Bergey's E. Leeuwenhoek's 30. During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the A. Host nucleolus B. Host cytoplasm C. Host cell membrane D. Host nucleus E. Host DNA 31. Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses. True False 32. A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is A. Mycobacterium B. Corynebacterium C. Mycoplasma D. Streptococcus E. Salmonella 33. Chemo taxis refers to the ability to A. Move in response to light B. Move in response to a chemical C. Not move in response to a chemical D. Transport desired molecules into cell E. None of the choices are correct 34. The use of an organism's biochemical processes to create a product is A. Biotechnology B. Recombinant DNA C. Gel electrophoresis D. Genetic engineering E. Gene probes 35. The chemical agent that produces highly reactive hydroxyl-free radicals and also decomposes to O2 gas is A. Hydrogen peroxide B. Chlorhexidine C. Cationic detergents D. Iodophors E. Cidex 36. Vials of microorganisms that undergo the freeze-drying process called _____ will remain preserved and viable for years. A. Desiccation B. Flash freeze C. Sterilization D. Lyophilization E. Pasteurization 37. The endosymbiotic theory has been developed to explain the emergence of A. Archea B. Bacteria C. Prokaryotes D. Eukaryotes E. None of the choices are correct 38. Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called A. Prions B. All of the choices infect bacteria C. Satellite viruses D. Viroids E. Bacteriophages 39. The core of every virus particle always contains A. Either DNA or RNA B. Capsomeres C. DNA and RNA D. DNA E. Enzymes 40. Viral nucleic acids include which of the following A. Double stranded DNA B. Single stranded DNA C. Double stranded RNA D. Single stranded RNA E. All of the choices are correct 41. Sterilization is achieved by A. Flash pasteurization B. Hot water C. Boiling water D. Steam autoclave E. All of the choices are correct 42. Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells? A. Nucleus B. Mitochondria C. Endoplasmic reticulum D. Lysosomes E. All of the choices are correct 43. If you start with 3 double stranded DNA fragments, after 4 cycles of PCR you will have ____ fragments. A. 24 B. 27 C. 12 D. 48 E. 81 44. Which is correct regarding the rate of microbial death? A. Upon contact with the control agent, all cells die at one time B. Only older cells die in a culture C. Cells in a culture die at a constant rate D. Cells become metabolically inactive but are never killed E. Cells die at increasingly greater rates 45. Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of A. Protozoa B. Algae C. Fungi D. Bacteria E. All of the choices are correct 46. Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except A. Type of capsid B. Number of strands in the nucleic acid C. Presence of an envelope D. Type of nucleic acid E. Biochemical reactions 61. Placing organisms at 4oC is A. Bacteriocidal B. Bacteriostatic C. Decontamination D. Sterilization E. None of the choices are correct 62. What type of DNA map is most detailed? A. Chromosomal B. Physical C. Geographical D. Sequence E. Linkage 63. Host range is limited by A. Type of nucleic acid in the virus B. Age of the host cell C. Type of host cell receptors on cell membrane D. Size of the host cell E. All of the choices are correct 64. Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized? A. Slime layer B. Fimbriae C. Cell membrane D. Capsule E. All of the choices are correct 65. Prophages can be activated into viral replication and enter the lytic cycle. True False 66. Filtration sterilization A. Can remove viruses B. Relies on gravity C. Removes toxins D. Uses heat and filtration E. All of the choices are correct 67. The site/s for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the A. Ribosomes B. Cell membrane C. Inclusions D. Cell wall E. Mitochondria 68. Which of the following microbial forms have the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls? A. Bacterial endospores B. Protozoan cysts C. Naked viruses D. Yeast E. Fungal spores 69. Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of A. Gram negative bacteria B. Protoplasts C. Gram positive bacteria D. Acid fast bacteria E. Mycoplasmas 70. When DNA is heated, the two strands will separate. True False 71. Viruses have all the following except A. Definite shape B. Ability to infect host cells C. Ultramicroscopic size D. Genes E. Metabolism 72. Sequences of DNA that are identical when read from the 5' to 3' direction on one strand and the 3' to 5' direction on the other strand are A. Reverse transcriptase B. Palindromes C. DNA polymerases D. Restriction endonucleases E. Ligases 73. The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's A. Cell wall B. Cell membrane C. Inclusions D. Ribosomes E. Flagella 74. Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are the infectious proteins called _____ and the infectious RNA strands called _____. A. Virions, prions B. Prions, capsomeres C. Viroids, phages D. Prions, viroids E. Prions, phages 75. One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a(n) _____ capsid. A. Helical B. Icosahedral C. Complex D. Buckeyball E. Spiked 76. Cilia are found in certain A. Protozoa B. Algae C. Fungi D. Bacteria E. All of the choices are correct 77. The size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is A. 50S B. 80S C. 70S D. 30S E. 40S 78. Reverse transcriptase synthesizes A. The positive RNA strand from a negative RNA strand B. A negative RNA strand from a positive RNA strand C. Viral RNA from DNA D. Viral DNA from RNA E. None of the choices are correct 79. The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called A. Periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) B. Fimbriae C. Cilia D. Sex pili E. Flagella 80. In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____. A. Cytoplasm, cell membrane B. Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum C. Nucleus, cytoplasm D. Cytoplasm, nucleus E. Cell membrane, cytoplasm 94. The term that refers to flagella at both poles is A. Peritrichous B. Amphitrichous C. Atrichous D. Lophotrichous E. Monotrichous 95. Which of the following factors will influence the action of microbial agents? A. The kind of microorganisms B. The number of microorganisms C. All of the above will influence the action D. Mode and dosage of the agent E. Temperature and pH 96. Antisense therapy leads to A. Increased transcription of the target gene B. Decreased transcription of the target gene C. Increased translation of the target gene D. Decreased translation of the target gene E. None of the choices are correct 97. Each of the following are features of a cloning host except A. Minimal growth requirements B. Quick generation time C. Mapped genome D. Pathogenic E. Transformable 98. The method of removing vegetative life forms from living surfaces is termed A. Decontamination B. Disinfection C. Fegerming D. Sterilization E. Antisepsis 99. Endospores are A. Metabolically inactive B. Resistant to heat and chemical destruction C. Resistant to destruction by radiation D. Living structures E. All of the choices are correct 100. Transgenic organisms A. Are created in nature B. Are only microorganisms C. Are copyrighted D. Are patented E. None of the choices are correct