Study Guide for Exam 1 | General Ecology | Bisc 322, Study notes of Biology

Download Study Guide for Exam 1 | General Ecology | Bisc 322 and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Review Guide 1. General Ecology, Spring 2008 Introduction: The Science and Philosophy of Ecology What is Ecology? Distinguish between Ecology and Environmentalism. Define naturalistic fallacy. Review the scientific method. What is correlation? Review path analysis. Distinguish between simple and partial correlations. Distinguish between direct and indirect effects. Be able to calculate an information criterion for a path diagram. What is replication? What is pseudoreplication? Distinguish between experimental and sampling units. When is modeling useful for testing ecological hypotheses? What is meant by model validation? How is a theory developed? Distinguish between rationalism and empiricism with respect to the development of ecological theory. Organisms in their Environment – Distinguish among external, ecological, and selective environmental variation. Define fitness. What is a genotype x environment interaction? What is an ecotype? What is an adaptive trait? Define the process of adaptation. Distinguish between aptation, exaptation, and adaptation. What kind of evidence is proof of adaptation? Distinguish between parallelism and convergent evolution. Explain the biological species concept. Explain the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation. Review Darwin’s and Wallace’s biogeographical evidence for allopatric speciation and thus evolution. What were some of the important observations and deductions they made? What is polyploidy? How do hybridization and polyploidy form new species? Define phenotypic plasticity, norm of reaction, acclimation, adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Think about ways to measure norms of reaction, phenotypic plasticity, and adaptive phenotypic plasticity. What is homeostasis? Distinguish between endothermy and ectothermy. Review examples of each. What is a circadian rhythm?