Study Guide for Exam 1 - International Relations and World Politics | POLI 150, Study notes of Political Science

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Mandelbaum – David’s Friend Goliath  USA o Military presence solves security for others o Responsibility assumed o Navy patrols shipping roles-free and fair trade o Supplies world’s currency o Consumer of last resort (always a market) o Keeps oil flowing into industrial economies  US as hegemon provides the central components of order.
Ferguson – A world without power  The importance of hegemony  World without hegemon likely to be world without order o Waning empires o Religious fanaticism o Economic plunder and pillage -stagnation  Decline of US as hegemon is not replaced by multi-polarity but it would be global insecurity and disorder.  Things that limit the effectiveness of the us as a hegemon o Growing dependence on foreign capital to finance consumption o Deficit relates to troop levels o Attention deficit (focus is spread too thin)
Barnett – The Pentagon’s New Map  World split in two o Functioning core o Gap  Security in the core is a consequence of having strong local ties with us military, strong ties with global economy  TED VIDEO o World has problems transitioning to peace after war o Problems translating will into action  Mostly US
Burley – Regulating the World: Multilateralism International Law and the Projection of the New Deal Regulatory state.  The US shaped the world gov’t in their image  New Dealism on a global scale o Agencies institutionalized similarly to US agencies o Argued that the president didn’t know the difference in shaping a country domestically and a world internationally.  The US was already in the World’s problems
Frieden, Lake, Schultz – Interactions: Why Can’t an Actor Always Get What It Wants?  Actors have to anticipate the likely choices of others and to take those choices into account when making their own decisions. o The UAE o Kuwait o Iran  Surrogate Strategy – a policy of utilizing friendly local powers to serve as the ‘guardians’ of Western interests with substantial US military assistance and strategic guidance from Washington

Collier – The Market for Civil War  Once a country has reached a per capita income rivaling that of the world’s richest nations, its risk of civil war is negligible  Every year that their dismal economic conditions persist increases the odds that their societies will fall into armed conflict  Ethnic and religious diversity actually reduces the risk of civil conflict. o Exception where the largest ethnic group constitutes a majority but lives alongside a substantial minority.  Countries falling between the extremes of autocracy and full democracy-where citizens enjoy some limited political rights-are at a greater risk of war

Huntington – The Clash of Civilizations  The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural  Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations.  During the cold war, the world was divided into the first, second, and third worlds. Those divisions are no longer relevant. o Differences among civilizations are not only real; they are basic o The world is becoming a smaller place. The interactions between peoples of different civilizations are increasing. These increasing interactions intensify civilization consciousness and awareness of differences between civilizations and commonalities within civilizations. o Economic regionalism is increasing. o The processes of economic modernization and social change throughout the world are separating people from longstanding local identities o The growth of civilization consciousness is enhanced by the dual role of the west o Cultural characteristics and differences are less mutable and hence less easily compromised and resolved than political and economic ones. o As people define their identity in ethnic and religious terms, they are likely to see and “us” versus “them” relation existing between themselves and people of different ethnicity or religion.  Micro level and macro level violence

Kaufman  Ethnic conflicts can only be solved with an intermediary 3rd party to save the day. Come in, divide, disarm, brainwash, monitor, leave.

Diamond  Tutsi and Hutu conflict description

Bystanders to Genocide  Clinton’s administration avoided responsibility of Rwanda by not considering all that was happening as Genocide.  Clinton proceeded to apologize for this, though it was not sincere.

Norris  US peacekeeping failures and reasons  “I wish the President every success in these vital endeavors, but I want to be clear that good intentions will not suffice. I, like many others, firmly believe that this country has a fundamental duty to combat genocide and war crimes. If Presi- dent Obama is unwilling to fulfill that charge, then he should, and will, pay a growing political price for such intransi-gence.”

Matthews (2008)  R2P – Responsibility to Protect  The Report highlights the priority of prevention of crimes [*141] against humanity, and the need for an "early warning system." n22 Once prevention fails, and crimes against humanity are taking place, states have a responsibility to react. n23 After the crimes have been brought to a stop, the international community has a responsibility to rebuild by assisting in reconstruction and recon- ciliation, helping to build a durable peace, and promoting good governance and sustainable development.  The second paragraph affirmed that the international community, through the U.N., "[H]as the responsibility to use appropriate diplomatic, humanitarian and other peaceful means . . . to help protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity."  If peaceful means are inadequate and national authorities are manifestly failing to protect their populations from such crimes, the international community declared that it is prepared to take collective military action through the Security Council in a timely and decisive manner.  Finally, the General Assembly stressed the need for it to "continue consideration of the responsibility to protect . . . and its implications, bearing in mind the principles of the [U.N.] Charter and international law."  Many scholars view R2P as the most comprehensive framework for approaching humanitarian intervention ever put forth.  Some commentators are skeptical of the R2P Report and consider it dangerously disrespectful of current international law.  Others claim that it merely legitimizes the status quo by relying on the Security Council as the primary authorizing body.

The Security Demographic