Download Earth Science Exam Study Guide: Plate Tectonics, Structural Geology, Earthquakes, and more and more Study notes Earth Sciences in PDF only on Docsity! 12:003
Intro
Earth
Science
Exam
2:
TUESDAY
5
APRIL
2011
Study
Guide:
Exam
2
will
be
in
a
similar
format
as
Exam
1
(i.e.,
multiple
choice
and
matching).
It
will
focus
on
material
covered
in
lectures
and
readings
since
the
last
exam
(i.e.,
Lectures
10
–
19),
including
but
not
exclusive
to
the
following
terms
and
concepts:
LECTURE
10
(Chapters
2
&
13)
PLATE
TECTONICS
• Continental
drift:
theory
and
evidence;
• Seafloor
spreading:
theory
and
evidence;
• Plate
tectonics
and
plate
boundaries
(e.g.,
types,
motions,
driving
forces);
• San
Andreas
fault
is
a
strike‐slip,
shearing
motion,
etc.
• Origin
of
the
ocean
floor;
• Mapping
the
sea
floor;
• Features
of
ocean
basins;
• Ocean
ridges
and
seafloor
spreading;
• Nature
of
ocean
crust;
• Continental
rifting;
• Subduction
zones;
LECTURE
11
(Chapter
10)
STRUCTURAL
GEOLOGY
• Crustal
deformation;
• Deformation
force
and
stress;
• Types
of
stress;
• Strain;
• How
rocks
deform;
• Mapping
geologic
structures;
• Strike
and
dip;
• Types
of
folds;
• Basins
and
domes;
• Dip‐slip
faults;
• Strike‐slip
faults;
• Joints.
LECTURE
12
(Chapter
11)
EARTHQUAKES
• Seismic
waves;
• Body
waves
vs.
surface
waves;
• Properties
of
p‐waves
and
s‐waves;
• Distribution
of
Earthquakes;
• New
Madrid
Fault
&
Midwest
Earthquakes;
• Faults;
• Locating
Earthquakes,
epicenter,
focus;
• Measuring
Earthquakes
(magnitude,
Richter
scale);
• Liquefaction
and
sand
blows;
• Earthquakes
as
triggers:
tsunamis
and
ground
failures
LECTURE
13
(Chapter
12)
EARTH’S
INTERIOR
• Earth’s
layers:
know
their
names,
composition,
and
physical
properties;
• Composition‐based
layers:
core,
mantle,
crust;
• Property‐based
layers:
inner
core,
outer
core,
mesosphere,
asthenosphere,
lithosphere;
• Seismology:
types
of
seismic
waves,
use
in
exploring
planet’s
interior;
• Temperature
from
planet
surface
to
center;
• Oceanic
crust
vs.
continental
crust;
• Heat,
convection
in
mantle.
LECTURE
14
(Chapter
14)
MOUNTAIN
BELTS
• Convergent
boundaries;
• Subduction
zones:
dynamics
and
features;
• Mountain
building;
• Volcanic
island
arcs;
• Andean‐type
margins;
• Sierra
Nevada,
Coastal
ranges,
Great
Valley;
• Collisional
mountain
belts;
• Terranes;
• Continental
collisions;
• Himalayas
,Appalachians;
• Fault‐Block
mountain
building;
• Basin
&
range
province;
• Vertical
movement
of
crust;
• Isostasy;
• Mantle
convection;
LECTURE
15
(Chapter
24)
PLANETARY
GEOLOGY
• Shoemaker‐Levy
9
comet;
• Impact
craters;
• Meteorites,
asteroids,
comets;
• Effects
of
meteorites
on
Earth’s
atmosphere
and
climate;
• Solar
system;
• Formation
and
composition
of
planets;
• Moon;
• Mars
climate,
evidence
of
water.
LECTURE
16
(Chapter
15)
MASS
WASTING
• Effect
of
gravity;
• Oversteepened
slopes;
• Factors
affecting
angle
of
repose;
• Mass
wasting
types
and
attributes;
• Controls
and
triggers
of
mass
wasting;
• Permafrost.
