Study Guide for Exam 3 - Principles of Biology | BSC 120, Exams of Biology

Download Study Guide for Exam 3 - Principles of Biology | BSC 120 and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! BSC 120 Study Guide for Exam 3 CHAPTERS 16, 17, 18 1) Why is DNA called a double helix? 2) What is semi-conservative DNA replication? 3) Describe DNA replication in detail? 4) What causes gene mutation? 5) What are chromosomes made of? 6) What is transformation ? 7) Describe the general structure of a DNA and RNA? 8) What role do DNA repair enzymes play? 9) List the various enzymes involved in DNA replication? 10) What are ribosomes made of? 11) What role do histone proteins play? 12) How many nucleotide bases does it take to specify one amino acid? 13) What evidence shows that genes specify amino acid sequences in proteins? 14) What is a codon? 15) What is an operon, promoter, operator and a repressor protein? List their functions. 16) UCA is a codon that specifies the amino acid serine. What would be the base sequence of the anticodon on the tRNA that pairs with this codon? a. UCA b. TCA c. TGC d. ACU e. AGU 17) What is an exon? 18) What is a gene is made out of? 19) During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? 20) What are the three steps in protein synthesis? 21) What makes the genetic code universal? 22) What are start and stop codons? 23) What is transcription? What role does RNA polymerase play? Chapter 16 - Define these key terms. Write a paragraph on each (a) Antiparallel strands (b) Base sequence (c) Chargaff (d) Chromosomes (e) DNA ligase (f) DNA polymerase (g) Helicase (h) Lagging strand (i) Leading strand (j) Okazaki fragments (l) Origins of replication (m) Primase (n) Proofreading (o) Replication fork (p) RNA priming (r) Semiconservative DNA replication (u) Telomerase Chapter 17 - Define these key terms. Write a paragraph on each (a) A site and P site functions of a Ribosome during protein synthesis. (b) AUG Codon (c) Aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases (d) Anticodon (e) Central dogma of molecular genetics (f) Codons (n) Frameshift mutation, Point mutation (q) Introns and exons (s) Messenger RNA (u) Missense mutation (v) Mutation (w) mRNA (x) mRNA processing (y) Nonsense mutation (z) One gene—one polypeptide hypothesis (aa) P site (bb) Point mutation (cc) Post-translational polypeptide modification (dd) Promoter binding (ee) Reading frame (ff) Redundancy of triplet code (gg) Ribosomal RNA (hh) Ribosomes (ll) Signal sequences (mm) Silent mutation (oo) Start codon (pp) Stop codons (rr) Termination (zz) Translation in detail Chapter 18 - Define these key terms. Write a paragraph on each (a) Adaptation (d) Bacteriophage x) Lysogenic life cycle (e) CRP protein (y) Lytic life cycle (f) Capsid (z) Molecular genetics (g) Capsids and envelopes (aa) Negative control (h) Capsomers (bb) Operator (i) cAMP receptor protein (dd) Operon model (j) Cofactor (rr) Retroviruses (k) Conjugation (qq)) Reverse transcriptase (l) Corepressed operon (yy) Trp operon (m) Corepressor (pp) Repressor (n) Envelope (cc) Operon (o) Enveloped viruses (p) Generalized transduction (q) Genetic variation (u) Inducible operon (v) Lac operon