Global Population & Economic Trends: Developed vs Developing Countries - Prof. John Dougla, Study notes of Political Geography

Download Global Population & Economic Trends: Developed vs Developing Countries - Prof. John Dougla and more Study notes Political Geography in PDF only on Docsity! Lecture 1 6.5 billion People on earth 20% no drinking water 30% illiterate 40% no toilet systems 50% suffer from malnutrition 75% substandard housing 300 million People in United States Asians are quickly rising to world elite status United States is the biggest consumer of illicit drugs Region -> 3 components  Area, Space  Boundaries  Something in common, similarities 5 biggest countries – Brazil, United States, Canada, Russia, China 5 most populous countries – China, India, US, Indonesia, Brazil Population 1 billion in 1804 2 billion in 1927 3 billion in 1960 4 billion in 1974 5 billion in 1987 6 billion in 1999 *7 billion in 2010 likely 11 billion will probably be the population cap (within the next 3 decades) Most people are mid-latitude/northern hemisphere By 2050 India will be most populous country Regions by population 1. East Asia 1.5 billion 2. South Asia 1.4 billion 3. Sub-Saharan Africa 700 million 4. Southeast Asia 600 million 5. Middle East 550 million 6. South America 500 million 7. Western Europe 400 million 8. Northern America 340 million 9. Eastern Europe 200 million 10. Russia 145 million 11. Japan 127 million 12. Mexico 115 million 13. Central Asia 115 million 14. Turkey 70 million 15. Central America 45 million 16. Caribbean 40 million 17. Australia 23 million Asians make up 2/3’s of humanity Educated people have fewer kids American women average 2.1 kids Lecture 2 Things across the hemispheres are related – hurricane in US; synonymous with Monsoon in India; Typhoon in East Asia EU condemns Russia’s recognition of South Ossetia and Abkhazia (but it is toothless because EU has no army so therefore no power) Plus Europe gets about 1/3 of their oil from Russia so EU cannot do anything to them Putin (Prime Minister/Chuck Norris of Russia) saves journalist from a tiger Putin sets ultimatum to Prime Minister Rudd of Australia on a Uranium deal (Australia is a huge exporter of natural resources) Japan Prime Minister Fukuda resigns (huge surprise) Richest Countries in the World 1. US 2. Japan 3. Germany 4. China Stage 1 – Pre-Modern (Hunter- Gatherers) Stage 2 – Urbanizing-Industrializing (agricultural) Stage 3 – Mature Industrial (most people work in factories/cities) Stage 4 – Post Industrial Stage 5 – Birth rates on regular basis below death rate (population decreasing) *cultural lag- causes population boom *main things that causes birth rate to go down – education of women *less than 2% of Americans are in the agricultural industry now Fertility rate – average number of kids a woman will have in her life Rich countries – less kids Not really world government Cause of sovereignty United States hates UN the most – cause it intrudes on their sovereignty 5 permanent members of UN…..US, UK, France, Russia, China (veto power) Choose 10 other members to form 15 country boards (5 permanent members plus 10 random) Everyone that’s survived WWII UN proposed to add to Security Council….vetoed because nothing would ever get done Lecture 5 NATO has adapted to global war on terrorism 9 out of 15 votes (all 5 of SC must be in favor) to pass Security general is usually from a smaller, irrelevant nation (because all 5 big players must approve) US is always in command of NATO’s troops Lecture 6 Religion Test Questions- What does religion affect? -Cultural factor that affects everything on earth, most controversy What is the difference between western and eastern religion? Western- exclusive, Eastern- nonexclusive…Draw line at India/Pakistan border Is caste system still in use? Outlawed in India There are more Jews in American than Israel… True/False True What is Yin yang? Depicts perfect balance, symbol for Taoism. What is wu wei? In Daoism, it means non-action What is the Shinto shrine? Symbolism for a gateway, used in many gardens and in architecture How is Eastern Orthodox organized? By state…Russian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox What invention helped protestant movement? Printing press Notes- Ethnic- Ethnicity hand in hand with religion…Judaism Universalizing- Must go out and tell people about it Exclusive- western religion, you must be only apart of this religion Non Exclusive- eastern religion, you are not tied down to the religion HINDU- less of a religion more a way of life Life is cyclical not linear Believe in Reincarnation and karma… if you live a good life you will move up in the cycle and next life Circular symbolism Holy text- Veda Each town follows a specific deity…. i.e. sheeva Judaism- first abrahamic religion Core for all western religions, first monotheistic religion Holy text- torah (old testament of bible) Jews have pact with Yahweh Diaspora- the great spreading of Jews Zionism- movement to get Jews to go back to Israel Buddhism- Hindu reform movement Thought reincarnation sucked… perpetuated suffering The world is not real, Prince Siddhartha=Buddha Enlightenment=nirvana First universalizing religion Confucianism- dominant philosophical system in China and every aspect of Chinese life. Not a religion Maintaining proper relationships for order in society RECIPROCITY Daoism- reference to nature and ancestor spirits Chi=energy of the universe Evidence of Confucius and Taoism in Chinese culture… Zero foreign conflicts Zero troops in other countries Shinto-way of the spirits Kami is worshipped.. spirits Many kami shrines Stress on sacredness of nature and harmony Love the motherland- japan Christianity- Jewish reform movement Jesus is the man Holy text- Bible (old and new testament) Collectively has two billion followers Islam-god is allah Muhammed is a main prophet but is not got Majority are sunnis and shias minority are in Iran. EXCLUSIVE Sharia-the body of Islamic religious law Lecture 8 Why did North Korea allow back nuclear inspector….Because US took North Korea off state sponsored terrorist list Europe is beginning to partially nationalize banks What spurred the Wall Street rally…European govts injecting more public funds into banks Putin gets tiger cub for his birthday Virtually everyone in Canada is right on the US-Canadian border (90% within 100 miles of border) The US spends more on military then the rest of the planet combined – that is why the US is untouchable militarily Chapter 1 The world is becoming more connected and more interdependent than ever before We are the first generation that is living in the postindustrial, highly interconnected age Physical traits: climate, landforms, vegetation, animal life Cultural: language, religion, economy, politics, infrastructure Three components of a region…area, boundaries, and homogeneous traits Chapter 2 A place seems to be considered truly overpopulated when there are not enough resources to supply the people who live there Humans tend to proliferate in well-watered areas, along coastlines, and, generally speaking favor the mid-latitudes European population boomed in the last several hundred years due to Industrial Revolution US and Russia: account for less than 10 percent of the world’s population, but had effectively shaped the political and economic fate of the other 90 percent during the last 50 years Underdeveloped – higher growth rates Developed – lower growth rates Birth rate - # born per 1000 people each year (US 14/1000) Death rate - # dead per 1000 people each year (US 10/1000) Stage One: premodern/hunter-gatherers HIGH BIRTH AND DEATH RATES – No state on the planet today would be classified in Stage One Stage Two: death rates decline while birth rates remain high; transition to agriculture and factory workers (late stage 2) (Ex. Angola and Guatemala) Cultural Lag: conditions have changed but people have yet to change lifestyle (10 kids in hunter-gatherer days so there should have 10 kids in agriculturally days) causes population boom Stage Three: Mature industrial phase; most states on the planet currently located here; more people are working in the processing/manufacturing and service sectors than are working as farmers; increased urbanization; agriculture is still the number one job on the planet even today; educating of woman decreases fertility rate; good examples of early stage threes would be India and Brazil; late stage threes, China and Chile. Developed Country – rich, matured, stable. Most of the economy is focused in the service sector. Fertility rates usually low around 2.1. Have nuclear capabilities or could get them easily. (Also called industrialized countries, more economically developed countries (MEDC), fully developed countries, and the First World). Developing Country – not so rich, most of the planet is in this category. But in transition and changing. (Also called less-developed countries (LDCs), least economically developed countries (LEDCs), underdeveloped nations, undeveloped nations, The Third World). Cold War Teams Team 1 – capitalist democracies lead by US (The West)----------------First World Team 2 – communist countries lead by USSR (The Soviet Bloc)------Second World Nonaligned countries – India, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Yugoslavia. **The Term The Third World sprouted from the cold war. Positive trade balance – sells most stuff/value than it buys every year. Negative trade balance – buys more stuff/value than it sells every year. UN Human Development Index (HDI) – some sort of complex mathematical formula that takes into account poverty, literacy rate, life expectancy, fertility rate, and a host of other factors for states. Full on Developed: North American region (US and Canada), Western Europe region, Australia/New Zealand region, and Japan. And one wildcard: Singapore (Southeast Asia) Almost Developed: Mandy South American countries are getting close, as in Mexico. South Africa, Egypt, Turkey, China, Macau, Hong Kong, Taiwan, India. Bigger gap to close: Philippines, Thailand, and Malaysia. Was developed, trying to get it back: Eastern Europe and Russia. Developing: Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, South America. Brunei, middle eastern states of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahamas, Barbados, Antigua, Barbuda, Trinidad, Tobago, Saint Kitts, and Nevis. Not doing anything category: (also known as ‘failed state’), Haiti, Somalia, Sudan, Burma, and North Korea. Zimbabwe may also be joining them soon if Mugabe continues his dictator antics. General Plaid Rule of Thumb: The smaller the middle class, the poorer the state/vice versa. Developed countries have bigger middle class than developing countries. Important note – while expenditures on the military may be high in a developed state the expenditure is a fairly low percentage of their GDP. Total expenditures may be lower in the developing world but it is still a fairly high percentage of GDP and or the government’s budget. Random’s  Most of the energy produced in the developed world is based on fossil fuels. –higher fossil fuel dependency there.  Richer you get, the shittier your diet.  Live longer in the developed world  All the fully developed state on the planet are democracies. Political/economic structure may have varying degrees of socialist policy, but are staunchly democratic.  Most developing states are indeed democracies, but usually not well-established with long track records.  China has the largest free-standing army on the planet right now.  Pakistan, India, Saudi Arabia, and China are all not considered in the fully developed column yet.  Cities tend to grow along coastlines and transportation networks. Chapter 6 Supranationalist organizations- groups of states working together to achieve a common, or outlined objective Free Trade Organizations: Organizations to promote free trade; no tariffs and no subsidies; all have problems due to individual countries trying to benefit their own economies NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) – US/Canada/Mexico DR-CAFTA (Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement) – US and Central America FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas) – North and South America except Cuba; Doesn’t exist yet MERCOSUR – South America Unifying Organizations: Organizations that promote free trade along with an effort to bring countries together and work as one EU (European Union) – Almost all of Europe ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) – Southeast Pacific OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) – All Democracies and free markets Defense Organizations: United Nations: All the sovereign states except Vatican City; goal to maintain global peace; UN Security Council: US, UK, Russia, China, and France (Germany and Japan could be added in future) NATO: Alliance of US Canada and certain European Countries to back each other in times of need Warsaw Pact: Soviet Union’s version of NATO (doesn’t exist anymore)