Download Study Guide for Old Exam 3 - Concepts of Botany | BIOL 221 and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! BIOL 221 – Concepts of Botany Spring 2009 – Dr. Hardy Exam 3 New Material Study Guide (Lecture Outlines) This is only to be used as a guide to my lecture content, and not as a substitute for study of original notes and assigned readings. Consult guides for Exams 1 and 2 for cumulative portion of exam. Topic 12 Cyanobacteria & Algae I. Phylogenetic relationships of major photosynthetic lineages. II. Cyanobacteria III. Brown algae Characteristics of. Economic uses of. IV. Red algae Characteristics of. Economic uses of. V. Green algae Characteristics of. Economic uses of. 1. Unicellular forms Chlorella, Chlamydomonas 2. Filamentous forms. Spirogyra 3. Colonial forms. Volvox 4. Planar (2D) forms. Ulva. 5. 3D forms. Coleochaete, Chara Topic 13 Early Land Plants I. Characteristics of the Plant Kingdom II. Ryniophytes Characteristics of. III. Psilotophytes (whisk-ferns) Characteristics of. IV. Lycopods (club-mosses, lycopods) Characteristics of. V. Equisetophytes (horsetails and scouring rushes) Characteristics of. VI. Ferns Characteristics of. Concepts of Botany, page 1 of 3 BIOL 221 – Concepts of Botany Spring 2009 – Dr. Hardy Topic 14 Seed Plants Introduction to Seed Plants... Characteristics of. I. Gymnosperms (700 spp.) A. Cycadophyta (cycads) -gymnosperm with large & robust fern-like plants; dioecious with male & female strobili. B. Ginkgophyta (ginkgo) -gymnosperm with ginkgo (fan-shaped, w/ dichotomous branching) leaves C. Pinophyta (conifers) -gymnosperm with cones, resin canals, leaves typically needle-like or scale-like II. Angiosperms (flowering plants; ca. 280,000 to 700,000 species) A. Unique characteristics of Angiosperms 1. Vessel elements 2. Flowers 3. Carpels (sporophylls that enclose the seeds) 4. Fruits a. Pericarp (exo, meso, endo) Accessory fruits have more than just the pericarp. b. Simple (tomato), aggregate (raspberry), multiple fruit (mulberry) c. Fleshy simple fruits: Drupe Berry (incl. pepo, hesperidium) Pome (with papery endocarp) d. Dry simple fruits (dehiscent and indehiscent types): Follicle (1 carpel; e.g., milkweed), Legume (1 carpel) Capsule (at least two carpels) Achene Nut Grain (caryopsis) Samara 5. Double fertilization B. Classic distinction of monocots vs. dicots, not great. Actually 3 major groups. monocots dicots cotyledon no. 1 2 leaf venation parallel reticulate flower parts in 3’s in 4’s and 5’s pollen grains mono-aperturate tri-aperturate Concepts of Botany, page 2 of 3
