Download Physiological Psychology Study Prep: Chapters 1-5 and more Study notes English Language in PDF only on Docsity! PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY DR. JOSEPH H. PORTER STUDY PREP FOR FIRST TEST You are responsible for material from lecture, handouts, films, and the text, including diagrams for chapters 1 – 5 (only Module 5.1, pp.121-136 in CHAPTER 5). Chapter 1 1. Explain each of the following biological explanations of behavior: physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional. 2. Define the philosophical positions of dualism and monism. 3. According to Descartes how did the mind (soul) and body interact? 4. Be familiar with the following genetic terms: genes, chromosomes, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant gene, recessive gene, autosomal gene, sex-linked gene, heritability, evolution, Lamarckian evolution, survival of the “fittest”, evolutionary psychology (siociobiology), altruistic behavior. 5. What is PKU (phenylketonuria)? 6. Describe some of the reasons why nonhuman animals are studied by biopsychologists. Chapter 2 7. Draw a neuron and label the major structures. Describe at least one function for each. 8. What were the 5 types of glial cells we discussed and their function(s)? 9. How are Schwann cells and oligodendroglial cells (oligodendrocytes) similar? How are they different? 10. What is the difference between unipolar, bipolar and multipolar neurons? Where are they found in the CNS? 11. What is the blood-brain barrier? 12. Describe the passive and active transport mechanisms used by cells (neurons in particular). 13. Explain why the resting potential of a neuron is approximately -70 mV. Include electrical gradient, concentration gradient, semipermeable membrane, and sodium-potassium pumps in your discussion. Why is this potential difference between the inside and outside of the neuron useful? 14. What is an action potential? Describe the events that can generate or inhibit the production of an action potential by a neuron. 1 15. What is the difference between a voltage-gated channel and a chemically-gated channel? Where would you be most likely to find them in a neuron? What function do they serve? 16. What are sodium-potassium pumps? Why are they important for normal functioning of neurons? 17. Describe the electrical changes that occur during an action potential. What ionic events are responsible for these changes? 18. What is the all-or-none law? What are graded potentials? 19. What are the relative and absolute refractory periods during an action potential? Why is the refractory period (phase) important? 20. What is saltatory conduction? What role does the cable properties of the axon play in this? What role does the myelin play in this? 21. Describe how a neuron receives, processes, and transmits information. Chapter 3 22. What is temporal summation? Spatial summation? Why are they important? 23. What is an EPSP? IPSP? What ionic events are responsible for them? 24. Describe the experiment by Loewi that first demonstrated that neurons send messages by releasing chemicals. 25. What happens when the action potential reaches the axon terminal? What role does calcium play? 26. Why is the neurotransmitter stored in vesicles? 27. What is exocytosis? 28. What is a synapse? 29. What is a receptor? How is an autoreceptor different? 30. Explain how a chemical can be both a neurotransmitter and a hormone. 31. What are the major categories of neurotransmitters? 32. What types of synapses exist other than axodendritic synapses? 33. Why is it easier to study neurotransmitters in the PNS than in the CNS? - it easier to get at the PNS than it is to the CNS( harder to get to)- open the skull and see the cortex first 34. Describe the synthesis pathway for NE and for ACH. 2
