Reconstruction and Post-Civil War Era: A Historical Study Guide - Prof. Wallace Cross, Study notes of World History

Download Reconstruction and Post-Civil War Era: A Historical Study Guide - Prof. Wallace Cross and more Study notes World History in PDF only on Docsity! Hist 2 Study Guide 2  2 constitutional issues concerning reconstruction 1. Were the rebellious states in the union or not? 2. Was congress or president responsible for directing reconstruction?  Wade-Davis bill – radical reconstruction= 50% of voters had to take allegiance & had to promise to emancipate slaves; Lincoln used pocket-veto, issue unresolved  Southern states to hold state convention must do 3 things 1. Amend constitution to make succession illegal 2. Reject confederate debt 3. Ratify the 13th amendment  13th amendment – abolished slavery  Joint committee of 15 – composed of 6 senators & 9 representatives to examine issue of black suffrage & southern representation  New Freemans bureau bill – anyone violating civil rights of black Americans would be tried before military court; Lincoln vetoed  Civil Rights Act – gave citizenship to all black Americans & all people born in the US except Native Americans; Lincoln vetoed  Freemans Bureau – took care if the vacant lands of the South, helped the former slaves make the transition from slavery to freedom  14th amendment – defined citizenship to include black Americans & guaranteed federal protection of the rights of all citizens; abolished the 3/5 clause in the constitution, for a state to return to Union must ratify this amendment  Radical Reconstruction Act of 1867 – divided South in 5 military districts, for state to be readmitted do 3 things = call for a state convention & delegates elected by manhood suffrage, convention establish state gov’t guarantee black suffrage & ratify 14th amendment  Tenure of Office Act – president could not remove official whose appointment had to have approval of senate, w/o consent of senate  15th amendment – stated that a state could not deprive a citizen of his vote b/c of race, color, or previous condition of servitude  General Amnesty Act – restored vote to all but the most prominent confederates  Black Friday – Sept 1869, 1st scandal of Grant administration, Gould & Fisk who were stock speculators attempted to corner the gold market  Ku Klux Klan – 1866 , First Grand wizard = Nathan Bedford Forrest, organized in Pulaski, TN, purpose to restore white supremacy & destroy radical Republican power in South, served as a cloak for lawlessness & violence, dissolved in Nashville in 1869  Credit Mobilier Scandal – 2nd scandal, Credit Mobilier was a construction company that bribed congressman to get the contract to build the Union Pacific Railroad, gave a # of congressmen stock in company, billed gov’t for millions of $ for work it did not do  Horace Greeley – Liberal Republican nomination for president in 1872, went against Grant  Panic of 1873 – money was main issue, all those debt including small farmers & Midwestern businessmen wanted the gov’t to follow a inflationary policy, allowing greenbacks to remain in circulation, bankers & wealthy merchants & intellectuals favored hard money policy  Coinage Act of 1873 – demonetized silver  Whiskey Ring – 3rd scandal, gov’t revenue officials conspired w/whisky distillers to defraud the fed gov’t of millions of $ of revenue of alcohol, began in St. Louis and spread to other cities, many officials involved including O. E. Babcock (Grant’s personal secretary)  William Belknap – started 4th scandal, was Grant’s secretary of war, caught selling the franchise of trading posts on Indian reservations to his friends  Compromise of 1876/77 (3 promises for Hayes to be supported) 1. Remove all federal troops from South 2. Appoint at least one Southerner to Hayes cabinet 3. Federal Aide for internal improvements in the South  Redeemers – new type of politician to govern south after 1877, businessmen, use white supremacy to gain power, encourage segregation  Greenback Labor Party – 1877 represent labor views & 28 states, platform: condemned the return of hard money, called for free coinage of silver, shorter work week for industrial workers, restriction on Chinese immigrants  James Garfield – republican nomination in 1880 president campaign against Blaine, won election, July 1881 shot in stomach on railroad station, died in September  Pendleton Act – provided for Civil service Reform, set up 3 man board, gov’t could not force person to endorse campaign or fire for not doing so  Grover Cleveland – democratic nomination in 1884 election against Blaine, won & was first democrat to be elected since Buchanan on 1856  Small Reservation Policy – attempted to remove Indians out of white migration path  Dawes-severalty act- passed on 1887, designed to do away w/communal ownership of land by giving the head of each native American household a small farm  Contrary to the safety valve theory, most people went west in times of prosperity; Great migration over the plains began w/ Cali Gold Rush  Land of west ended up in the hands of 4 groups 1. Land speculators 2. Large ranchers 3. Timber companies 4. Railroads  Most important obstacle to settling the west was scarcity of water  Reclamation Act/New Lands act – fed gov’t provided money for irrigating the West  Mining frontier moved from west to east  Federal Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 – halted Chinese immigration into the US for 10 yrs  Positive Aspects of Mining Boom 1. Mining contributed millions to the economy 2. Helped finance civil war & industrialization 3. Populated portions of the West