Personality Disorders and Substance Use Disorders: Classification, Causes, and Treatment, Exercises of Abnormal Psychology

Download Personality Disorders and Substance Use Disorders: Classification, Causes, and Treatment and more Exercises Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Abnormal Psychology – PSY404 VU ©Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 169 LESSON 36 ALCOHOLISM AND SUBSTANCE RELATED DISORDERS I Personality refers to enduring patterns of thinking and behavior that define the person and distinguish him or her from other people. These enduring patterns are ways of expressing emotion as well as patterns of thinking about ourselves and other people. When enduring patterns of behavior and emotion bring the person into repeated conflict with others, and when they prevent the person from maintaining close relationships with others, an individual’s personality may be considered disordered. The authors of DSM-IV-TR have organized ten specific forms of personality disorder into three clusters on the basis of broadly defined characteristics. Classification of Personality Disorders 1-Paranoid personality disorder 2-Schizoid personality disorder 3-Schizotypal personality disorder 4-Antisocial personality disorder 5-Borderline personality disorder 6-Histrionic personality disorder 7-Narcissistic personality disorder 8-Avoidant personality disorder 9-dependent personality disorder 10-Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder docsity.com Abnormal Psychology – PSY404 VU ©Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 170 Alcoholism and Substance Related Disorders Examples • We take aspirin to reduce headache. • We take an antibiotic to fight an infection. • We take tranquilizer to calm us after facing a trauma. • We drink coffee or tea to get going in the morning. • Smoke a cigarette to relax our nerves. • We take valium to go to sleep. There are many substances that are capable of harming the body or adversely affecting the behavior and mood. The misuse of drugs has become one of the most disabling problems of the society. Examples • Sherlock Holmes fictional character who took drugs stimulants to alert him. • Sportsmen take drugs to enhance their performance but in the long run their body develops drug dependence. The term drug applies to any substance other than food that changes our bodily and mental functioning. Drug misuse may lead to a temporary mental syndrome such as intoxication but chronic excessive use of drugs can lead to a substance use disorder. Substance use disorder can take two forms 1- Substance abuse 2- Substance dependence 1- Substance Abuse A pattern in which people rely heavily on a drug and they structure their lives around the drug. 2- Substance Dependence In which people show all symptoms of substance abuse plus physical dependence on the drug. Drug Addiction • Drug addiction is in which people show all symptoms of substance abuse plus physical dependence on the drug. • But now we use the term substance dependence and not addiction. Drug Tolerance • People who need increased doses of drug in order to get its effect. • Withdrawal symptoms emerge when individual suddenly stops taking drugs or reduces their dosage. • These symptoms include muscle aches, pains and cramps, vomiting, nausea. • It is believed that approximately 7 % of all adults in United States currently display some form of substance use disorder. Poly Drug Use When an individual uses two or more drugs at the same time we label it as poly drug use. Cross Tolerance • When people take more than one drug at a time and the drugs interact with each other. Some time the two drugs display cross tolerance docsity.com