Summary of all chapter english class 10th, Lecture notes of English

Download Summary of all chapter english class 10th and more Lecture notes English in PDF only on Docsity! MARKING SCHEME -Class X (2022-23) ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE (Code No. 184) Section A: READING SKILLS (20 marks) Note: (i) 15-minute prior reading time allotted for Q-paper reading. (ii) (ii) The Reading Section focuses on testing a candidate’s ability to comprehend. (iii) (iii) Marks to be awarded only if the response reveals structure or semblance of coherent thought rather than a transcribed chunk/exact line/s from the passage in an attempt to pass off as a response. I. Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. 10 marks i.Why does the writer say that mountains inspire ‘awe’ in humans? A. They present us with opportunities for exciting sports. B. They evoke the wish in us, to master them. C. They inspire in us, deeds of valour. D. They representpeace and calm, to us. (1 mark) Value Points Guidance B.They evoke the wish in us, to master them.  Award 1 mark for the correct answer.  There is no partial credit ii.Select the option that corresponds to the following relation below: The more incredible the mountains—the greater the thrill (Paragraph 1) A. The higher the stamina—the lower the food intake B. The more you laugh—the lesser your illness C. The smaller the car—the bigger the advantage D. The heavier the luggage—the higher the penalty (1 mark) Value Points Guidance D.The heavier the luggage—the higher the penalty  Award 1 mark for the correct answer.  There is no partial credit iii.Select the option that displays what the writer projects, with reference to the following: So, mountain climbing is undoubtedly one of the most popular adventure sports (Paragraph 1) A. doubt B. caution C. conviction D. denial (1 mark) Value Points Guidance C. conviction  Award 1 mark for the correct answer.  There is no partial credit iv.Complete the following with a phrase from paragraph 1. Opinion Reason ____________ Best experienced rather than described (1 mark) Value Points Guidance hard to put in words  Award 1 mark for the correct answer.  There is no partial credit v.The writer compares training to penance in the line --Then comes the penance of the rigorous training.(Paragraph 2) State 1 point of similarity between training and penance. (1 mark) Value Points Guidance very difficult / requires perseverance (Any other relevant)  Award 1 mark for the correct answer  No partial credit vi.Based on your reading of the text, list 2 reasons why the writer says that “mountaineering is not a sport that can be embraced without preparation”. (Paragraph 2) 1) ______________________ 2)______________________ (1 mark) Value Points Guidance (Any 2)  Because mountaineering includes difficulties likehaving to walk on icy sheets that cannot be accomplished without proper preparation of equipment  Because mountaineering includes dealing with several Health hazards that cannot be managed without preparation.  Because managing unpredictable weather is essential in mountaineering and cannot be accomplished without being prepared with specific training  Because mountaineering presents the risk of fatality due to faulty decision-making and cannot be addressed without being prepared by accompanying/ engaging experienced climbers (Any other relevant/ correct from text)  Award 1 mark for 2 correct/ relevantpoints  Award ½ mark for 1 correct/ relevantpoints vii.What connect does the writer draw out between unpredictable weather and setting up of camps? (Paragraph 3) . (1 mark) Value Points Guidance If the weather is unpredictable, it makes it difficult to decide when to set up camp as mountaineers would prefer to climb when its sunny and camp when it’s snowing.  Award 1 mark for the complete explanation  Award ½ mark for a partial but correct C. Option 3 D. Option 4 For the Visually Impaired Candidates Describe the trend of foreign tourist travels in the North-East, from 2011-2014 in ONE word, as per paragraph 2. (1 mark) Value Points Guidance B. Option 2 For the visually impaired candidates rising/ growing/ increasing (any other relevant, correct)  Award 1 mark for correct response  No partial credit vi.Fill in the blank by selecting the correct option. The study of tourist travel statistics in the North-East, from 2005 to 2014 showed ____________ results. A. expected B. encouraging C. inconsistent D. questionable (1 mark) Value Points Guidance B.encouraging  Award 1 mark for correctresponse  No partial credit vii.Substitute the word ‘witnessed’ with ONE WORD similar in meaning, in the followingsentence from paragraph 2: Foreign tourist arrivals inthe North-East witnessed a growth of... (1 mark) Value Points Guidance observed/ recorded/ showed/ displayed (Any other similar relevant)  Award 1 mark for correct response  No partial credit viii.List any 2 examples of ‘tourist facilities’as referred to, in Paragraph 3. (1 mark) Value Points Guidance (Any 2) Accommodation—hotels, hostels, camps Recreation—Parks, Gardens, Museums, Shopping areas Essential- eating outlets, toilets, water points, kiosks for maps / currency exchange (if needed), certified travel guide availability Transport-dedicated shuttle service, sight-seeing buses, cards or passes, car hiring stations Digital upgrades –WiFi availability, websites, ticketing, forums (Any other relevant)  Award 1 mark for 2 relevant examples  Award ½ mark for 1 relevant example ixList one reason why the researchers recommend that the formulation of a tourism strategy in the North- Eastern States of India be sustainable. (1 mark) Value Points Guidance (Any one)  To create socio-economic benefits for the local community  To reduce the negative impacts caused on the destination/s  To ensure protection of culture and heritage/ To ensure minimal intervention in the cultural aspects  To protect natural wildlife and resources (Any other relevant)  Award 1 mark for relevant and correct answer  No partial credit x.Select the option that titles paragraphs 1-3 appropriately, with reference to information in the text. (1 mark) Value Points Guidance B.  Award 1 mark for complete answer  No partial credit III SECTION B – GRAMMAR i. B. blew up  Award 1 mark for complete answer  No partial credit ii. that he does not stay in a good mood. (Addition of sometimes/time to time acceptable) iii. C. will iv. C. the/a v. D. washed vi. seek vii. it isanyone who shows kindness and compassion to others viii. error correction Balancing Balance ix. Tariq asked Sunil if/whether he had enjoyed travelling by sea. x. D. CAN xi. A. keep asking till one does. xii. error correction all each IVSECTION B – CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS 1. LETTER Format – 1 Content -2 Organisation of ideas -1 Accuracy 1 Format Sender’s address, Date, Receiver’s address, Subject and Salutation/ Salutation and Subject,Letter, Complimentary close (largely accepted -Yours truly– editor&Yours sincerely- formal /business) FORMAT – 1 mark NOTE-full credit if all aspects included. Partial credit (½ mark) if one-two aspects are missing. No credit if more than two aspects are missing. NOTE FOR GIVEN DESCRIPTORS---Dedicated marks at a level are to be awarded only if ALL descriptors match. If one or more descriptors do not match, the marks are awarded at a level lower. CONTENT – 2 marks 2 marks  All points included  Well-developed with sustained clarity 1½ marks  Almost all points incorporated  Reasonably well-developed 1 mark  Some points incorporated  Fair attempt at developing ideas with some impact on clarity of response ½ mark  Most of the points of the given task notincorporated  Limited awareness of task development ORGANISATION OF IDEAS -1 mark 1 mark-- Consistent to frequent display of the listed parameters.  Highly effective style capable of conveying theideas convincingly with appropriate layout of a formal letter viz. addresses, salutation, subscription, and ending  Carefullystructuredcontentwithorganised paragraphingpresentedcohesively.  Highly effective register (formal tone, tense, and vocabulary), relevant and appropriate sentences forconveyingtheideaspreciselyandeffectively. ½ mark – Limited display of listed parameters.  Inconsistent style, expression sometimes awkward, layout barelyaccurate.  Poor sequencing of ideas; often sporadically clear and related to the given topic in an attempt to maintain a general overallcohesion. Displays disjointed portions, exhibiting a lack of coherence of ideas.  Range of vocabulary is limited but manages to convey, largely, the overall meaning andthepurposeofthewriting. Large portion of vocabulary copied from question. ACCURACY -1 mark 1 mark  Spelling, punctuation and grammar consistently/largely accurate, with occasional minor errors, that do not impede communication. ½ mark  Almost all points incorporated  Reasonably well-developed 1 mark  Some points incorporated  Fair attempt at developing ideas with some impact on clarity of response ½ mark  Most of the points of the given task notincorporated  Limited awareness of task development ORGANISATION OF IDEAS -2 marks 2 marks  Highly effective style capable of conveying theideas convincingly  Carefullystructuredcontentwithan organised single paragraph,presentedcohesively.  Highly effective register (formal tone and vocabulary), relevant and appropriate sentences forconveyingtheideaspreciselyandeffectively. 1 ½ marks  Frequent clarity of expression most of the times.  Ideas generally well sequenced and related to the given topicmaintainingoverallcohesionofideas.  Range of vocabulary is mostly relevant and conveys the overall meaning andthepurposeofthewriting. 1 mark  Inconsistent style, expression sometimes awkward.  Sequencing of ideas is somewhat clear and related to the given topic attempting to maintain a general overallcohesion.  Range of vocabulary is limited but manages to convey the overall meaning andthepurposeofthewriting. ½ mark  Expression unclear.  Poor sequencing of ideas but ideas related to the given topic in adisjointedmannerexhibitingalackofcoherenceofideas.  Verylimitedvocabularyorcopyingfromthequestion. ACCURACY-1 mark 1 mark  Spelling, punctuation and grammar consistently/largely accurate, with occasional minor errors, that do not impede communication. ½ mark  Spelling, punctuation and grammar display some errors spread across, causing minor impediments to the message communicated. No credit  Frequent errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar, impeding communication. 2.A Gurmeet Kaur is an aspiring candidate for a public- funded engineering college in the suburbs. She belongs to a nearby village, has minimal technological skills and exposure, has the required cut-off percentage and is looking for a complete or partial scholarship. Write a paragraph in about 100-120 words analysing her SWOT notes to support your stand on whether she should /not join the college. STRENGTH  Strong Curriculum  Quality faculty  Vibrant Activity Clubs  Green location  Close proximity to residential areas WEAKNESS  Lack of diversity  Students’ behavioural problems  No hostel facility  Slow repair and maintenance work  Underutilization of IT Services  Lack of targeted advertisements to out-state students OPPORTUNITIES  Practice based research  Partnership with professional organisations  Strong alumni  Acclaimed Student Exchange Programme with European countries THREAT  Lack of publicity in areas of excellence  Public perception towards funded colleges  Declining students’ interest towards technical subjects  Low employee morale due to budget cuts Example - fully solved In support of the decision: The given information illustrates the options Gurmeet would weigh in order to take the right decision about her admission in a public-funded engineering college. With availability of strong curriculum, quality faculty and vibrant Activity Clubs, she will be assured of an enriching educational journey. Though hostel facility is unavailable, she may take up accommodation in the suburbs or choose to travel daily from her village. Good opportunities of practice-based research, partnership with professional companies and international students exchange program will enhance her professional and interpersonal skills. Hard work, responsible behaviour and prudent decision-making could help Gurmeet thrive in the college even though it has a rigid and conventional culture.The strengths and opportunities work in favour of Gurmeet. Taking this opportunity will allow her to mend the incorrect public perception towards public-funded colleges and students’ outlook towards technical subjects. (129 words) Against the decision: The given information indicates Gurmeet’s dilemma about seeking admission in a public- funded college. Though equipped with a strong curriculum, engaging activity clubs and an able faculty, the college lacks diversity and good conduct among the students,giving rise to concerns of safe environment for a novice like Gurmeet. Underutilization of IT services will be further detrimental to the progress of Gurmeet’s educational journey and add to extra costs related to research work. If she does not qualify for a complete or partial scholarship, arrangement of own accommodation and additional expense of students exchange programme will increase her expenditure, too. Such a college environmentmay dampen her endeavouring spirit. The weakness and threats outweigh the strengths, in case of Gurmeet. So, it is recommended that Gurmeet does not apply for admission to the said college. (139 words) OR 2.B Read the following excerpt from an online post of a website on educational practices. Kids who appreciate how much effort, time and care goes into growing food will understand how important farmers are, and why it's important to take care of our Earth. In the world of today, gardening needs to be given more importance than sports, music and dance in all schoolsbecause it creates environmental stewards and outdoor learning laboratories that help the child and community for years to come. Write a paragraph in 100-120 words to analyse the given argument. You could think about what alternative explanations might weaken the given conclusion and include rationale / evidence that would strengthen / counter the given argument. Example - fully solved Argument FOR the subject of the statement: In the world of today, gardening needs to be given more importance than sports, music and dance in all schools. While sports, music and dance contribute towards personal growth, the current times mandate attention towards an issue that is global ---nature and natural processes. With growing food wastage in many homes today and the urban young believing that vegetables are grown, harvested at the super markets, the efforts of the farmers are discredited. Gardening at school will open a world of first-hand learning experiences of sowing, watering and harvesting processes. Waiting for the saplings to grow will inculcate sensitivity, patience, empathy, gratitudeand value for one’s hard work. They will feel accountable for their piece of Mother Earth, resulting in making them efficient and enterprising environmental stewards. Unlike sports, music or dance, gardening goes beyond just enjoyment to create aware and responsible citizens of the future. (148 words) Argument AGAINST the subject of the statement: Gardening,certainly, should not be given precedence over sports, music and dance in all schools.Gardening at school requires good planning with hands-on guidance and continued supervision by the teachers. Students tend to lose interest due to the slow and natural growth progress of plants as well as the investment of continuous hard work.Small targets or goals would be missing whereas the danger of destruction of their work due to rains, intrusion of grazing animals or a pest attack is like to set in a feeling of defeat. It may be noted that sports, music and dance are uplifting activities which display faster results, are enjoyable and inculcate team spirit, collaboration and confidence. Unlike gardening, setbacks in these activities can be addressed with some sense of personal control. These activities help students express and de-stress successfully. So, maintaining their due importance in the school’s co-curriculum is imperative. (148 words) SECTION C – LITERATURE VReference to Context 1.A. “Hey, a tea garden!” Rajvir cried excitedly. Pranjol, who had been born and brought up on a plantation, didn’t share Rajvir’s excitement. “Oh, this is tea country now,” he said. “Assam has the largest concentration of plantations in the world. You will see enough gardens to last you a lifetime!” “I have been reading as much as I could about tea,” Rajvir said. “No one really knows who discovered tea but there are many legends.” i. C. He had grown up in and around tea gardens.  By his own admission, (From what I’ve tasted ……) he had experienced its destructive effects in his life. Award 2 marks for the valid reference with analysis 1 mark if only reference is stated No credit of ½ mark Expression – 1 mark when both given aspects are included  Answer organised effectively  The language usage needs to display a rationale and presentation of textual evidence ½ mark when either aspect is missing Deduct ½ mark from the overall score if the error density is high (more than a total of 2 spellings and/or grammatical errors). iii. Valli’s unique maiden bus ride experience could be possible because she belonged to a small village. Do you agree? Why? /Why not? (2 reasons) (Madam Rides a Bus) Value Points Guidance Agree:  A bus ride seemed like a fascinating means of recreation and adventure ---unlike cities and bigger towns  She could travel alone safely –unfortunately, not recommended in larger townships or cities  There was only one bus that Valli observed several times – cities have varied means of transport that might seem mor adventurous Disagree:  Fascination for riding a bus or an automobile can exist in children of Valli’s age even in big cities.  Travelling unnoticed is easier in large cities than in small towns or villages due to familiarity  Cities would offer more opportunities for a bus ride due to availability and frequency of several buses on the same route. Content - Award 2marks for 2 valid points and explanation Award 1mark for 1 valid point and explanation No credit of ½ mark Expression – 1 mark when  Answer organised effectively  The language usage needs to display reasons. ½ mark when either is missing Deduct ½ mark from the overall score if the error density is high (more than a total of 2 spellings and/or grammatical errors). iv. Give one reason why ‘The TaleofCustardtheDragon’ is more a fable than a ballad. Value Points Guidance  Fable is fictitious narrative usually with animals, birds etc as characters and shares a strong message whereas a ballad is narrative verse that can be silly or heroic.  The TaleofCustardtheDragon includes animals, is surely fictitious and shares a meaningful message. Hence, better qualifies as a fable. Content - Award 2 marks for stating the reason with valid textual evidence. Award 1 mark for either No credit of ½ mark Expression – 1 mark when both given aspects are included  Answer organised effectively  The language usage needs to display rationalisation (since... therefore...) ½ mark when either aspect is missing Deduct ½ mark from the overall score if the error density is high (more than a total of 2 spellings and/or grammatical errors). v. How can we say that Natalya was continuously successful in maintaining an upper hand during her arguments with Lomov? (Any one example) (The Proposal) Value Points Guidance Upper hand –  She was able to answer every query and present an argument defeating the one presented by Lomov. Arguments--  Argument about ownership of Oxen meadows – Natalya argued that it is a matter of principle and not greed.  She showed conviction and belief while arguing. OR  Argument about dogs – Natalya argued that her dog was cheaper, was of better breed and could run faster.  Never lost cool while presenting her arguments. Content - Award 2 mark for 2 valid points. Award 1mark for 1 valid point. No credit of ½ mark Expression – 1 mark when both given aspects are included  Answer organised effectively  The language usage needs to display justification (therefore...evidence shows that... etc.) ½ mark when either aspect is missing Deduct ½ mark from the overall score if the error density is high (more than a total of 2 spellings and grammatical errors). VII Answer ANY TWO of the following in about 40-50 words each. 2*3=6 i. Dr. Herriot (The Triumph of Surgery) knew his patients, as well as their owners, really well. Discuss. Value Points Guidance  Patients --Dr. Herriot could understand the problems of his patients (dogs) just be observing-- saw Tricki in the market and understood that the dog requires help.  Owners--He understood the owner (Mrs. Pumphrey) well and never spoke any harsh and advising words on the seriously obese dog- knowing fully well that she was responsible for this condition Content- Award 2 mark for a point each for patients and owners Award 1mark for extension of either No credit of ½ mark Expression: 1 mark when both given aspects are included  Answer organised effectively  The language usage needs to display stating of inference (based on…I believe that/…. reveals that…. etc.) ½ mark when either aspect is missing Deduct ½ mark from the overall score if the error density is high (more than a total of 2 spellings and grammatical errors). ii. State any one likely reason the writer of The Midnight Visitorchose to characterise Ausable as short and fat. Value Points Guidance  Ausable-- characterised as short and fat as the writer wants to draw attention to and emphasise his wits and mental ability to handle any grave situation [Ausable was able to successfully plant a story of a non-existent balcony and also made the agile and smart Max believe it ---didn’t require an attractive physique to do this.]  The writer, perhaps, wanted to give a strong message that the brain is what counts more than brawn/ muscle power OR brain power is far more potent/effectivethan any other type of power- muscle/armsetc. Content- Award 2 mark for a point supported with textual evidence Award 1mark for just textual evidence No credit of ½ mark Expression: 1mark when complete explanation is given  Answer organised effectively  The language usage needs to display stating of inference (based on…I believe that/…. reveals that…. etc.) ½ mark when explanation has missing aspects. Deduct ½ mark from the overall score if the error density is high (more than a total of 2 spellings and grammatical errors). iii. Validate the importance of small, fun learning tasks towards successful careers, in the context of Richard Ebright in The Making of a Scientist. Value Points Guidance  Started the collection and breeding of butterflies as a fun activity.  Got curious about the gold spots and the secretion from them.  Was able to develop a theory of cell structure and later DNA because of it.  Fun learning resulted in a career as a renowned successful scientist. Content” Award 2 marks for explanation with clear textual evidence Award 1 mark for just textual evidence No credit of ½ mark Expression: 1mark when complete explanation is given  Answer organised effectively  The language usage needs to display action and impact (therefore... hence...this caused .... etc.) ½ mark when explanation has missing aspects. Deduct ½ mark from the overall score if the error density is high (more than a total of 2 spellings and grammatical errors). VIII Answer ANY ONE of the following in about 100-120 words. 1*6=6 Content 3 Expression 2 Accuracy 1 Curriculum document—Questions to assess creativity, imagination and extrapolation beyond the text and across the texts. This can be a passage-based question/ or taken from a situation/plot from the texts. Note-  Use the given descriptors to mark the LQs. For CONTENT (refer to Value points) and EXPRESSION conveying the ideas precisely and effectively.  Ideas generally well sequenced and related to the given topic maintaining overall cohesion of ideas.  Range of vocabulary suffices in large parts to convey the overall idea and meaning 1 ½  Ideas sequenced fairly well and related to the given topic, sometimes maintaining cohesion of ideas.  Range of vocabulary is limited and conveys a basic idea of the overall meaning 1  Poor sequencing of ideas; though related to the given topic, expressed in a disjointed manner exhibiting a lack of coherence of ideas.  Very limited expected/ topical vocabulary as per question asked ½ DESCRIPTORS FOR ACCURACY  Spelling, punctuation and grammar are almost always or mostly accurate with occasional minor errors which do not impede communication 1  Spelling, punctuation and grammar fairly accurate, with some minor errors that mildly impede communication ½  A lot of errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar that impede communication. 0 A.Fiction writers prefer creating grey characters rather than black and white. Analyse this in detail, with reference to both the characters of The Thief’s Story. Value Points Introductory – Both characters in the story—neither completely black (negative) or white (ideal)—have redeeming qualities as well as those that need improvement—story reveals both their personas as grey. Hari Singh • Thief—artful - too smart for his age - fooled his victims and police --Wasn’t ashamed in lying and stealing –made no efforts to confess that he had given in to the temptation of stealing the notes However, • Changed due to love, affection and Anil’s trust The character of Hari Singh—not a flat character who is either black or white. Anil  While we can admire Anil for his qualities --helpful and simple --easily trusting --forgave the thief -- never uttered a word despite knowledge of the theft However,  Not perfect--casual about money --ignored Hari Singh’s pilfering The character of Hari Singh—not a flat character who is either black or white. Conclusion—Grey characters present a challenge to the readers, allow a sense of unpredictability and present a moral challenge. Hari Singh and Anil are created as grey characters. OR B. ‘Honour among thieves’ is considered a popular code. Examine A Question of Trust as a story woven around this code. Value Points Honour among thieves---It is believed that thieves never double cross each other/ commit crimes against each other—would be inclined to help rather than betray each other The protagonist, Horace Danby  was careful and meticulous in his theft which he conducted once a year  didn’t anticipate the role of the lady in red The Lady in red  made a fool of him -- in spite of being a thief herself, she did not follow the code of honour normally existing between two thieves This resulted in Horace Danby going to prison for the first time in his life---he felt betrayed