Personality Disorders and Mental Health Disorders: Definitions and Descriptions, Quizzes of Abnormal Psychology

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TERM 1 personality disorder DEFINITION 1 pattern of experience and behavior that differs from expectations of one's culture and leads to dysfunctioning TERM 2 paranoid personality disorder DEFINITION 2 pattern of distrust and suspicion of others TERM 3 comorbidity DEFINITION 3 suffering from multiple disorders TERM 4 schizoid personality disorder DEFINITION 4 persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion. they actually prefer to be alone TERM 5 schizotypal personality disorder DEFINITION 5 characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odds forms of thinking/perceiving, and eccentricities. seek isolation and have few friends. tend to feel very lonely. caused by schizophrenic causes: high dopamine activity and enlarged brain ventricles TERM 6 antisocial personality disorder DEFINITION 6 general pattern of disregard for and violation of other people's rights. linked to adult criminal behavior. TERM 7 borderline personality disorder DEFINITION 7 characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood by impulsive behavior. often includes forms of self-mutilation like cutting. caused by low serotonin TERM 8 histrionic (hysterical) personality disorder DEFINITION 8 pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. drama queens that act like they are always on stage TERM 9 narcissistic personality disorder DEFINITION 9 broad pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. feel arrogant/superior and exaggerate their achievements TERM 10 avoidant personality disorder DEFINITION 10 characterized by discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation. they yearn for relationships and are often depressed. helped by antianxiety meds and antidepressants TERM 21 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) DEFINITION 21 inability to focus attention or overactive and impulsive behavior, or both. caused by abnormal dopamine levels and frontal-striatal brain abnormalities TERM 22 dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) DEFINITION 22 treatment for borderline personality disorder where therapists teach clients to tolerate distress, learn social skills, and respond better to life situations. TERM 23 methylphenidate (Ritalin) DEFINITION 23 a stimulant drug that is used to treat ADHD. TERM 24 enuresis DEFINITION 24 child disorder consisting of bed-wetting and wetting of one's clothes. usually at night but in the day as well. TERM 25 bell-and-battery technique DEFINITION 25 enuresis treatment that is activated by urine and rings a bell to wake the child during sleep. uses conditioning to help the child TERM 26 dry-bed training DEFINITION 26 enuresis treatment is which kids are woken up at night several times to try to use the bathroom. rewards are used to encourage behavior TERM 27 encopresis DEFINITION 27 child disorder with repeated defecating in inappropriate places, such as one's clothing. seldom occurs during sleep at night but instead during the day TERM 28 autistic disorder (autism) DEFINITION 28 developmental disorder marked by unresponsiveness to others, poor communication, self-stimulating behavior, and highly repetitive/rigid behavior. caused by prenatal difficulties, abnormal development of the cerebellum TERM 29 echolalia DEFINITION 29 symptom of autism. the exact echoing of phrases spoken by others TERM 30 pronominal reversal DEFINITION 30 symptom of autism. confusion of pronouns; use of you instead of I TERM 31 Asperger's disorder DEFINITION 31 individuals display profound social impairment yet maintain a relatively high level of cognitive functioning and language skills. more common than autism. RULE BOYS = rules govern lives. LOGIC BOYS = reasons behind rules, how things work. EMOTION BOYS = run by feelings, throw tantrums, hate rules. TERM 32 cerebellum DEFINITION 32 brain region that coordinates body movement and helps control a person's ability to shift attention rapidly. abnormalities are likely factors in autism TERM 33 augmentative communication system DEFINITION 33 increasing communication for those with autism, mental retardation, or cerebral palsy by teaching them to point to pics, letters, symbols, or words on a book/computer. TERM 34 mental retardation DEFINITION 34 disorder marked by intellectual functioning AND adaptive behavior that are well below average TERM 35 intelligence quotient (IQ) DEFINITION 35 score derived from intelligence tests that theoretically represents a person's overall intellectual capacity. TERM 46 state school DEFINITION 46 state-funded institution for people with mental retardation TERM 47 normalization DEFINITION 47 principle that institutions/residences should expose those with mental retardation to similar conditions/opportunities as the rest of society TERM 48 special education DEFINITION 48 education approach for the mentally retarded in which they are grouped together and given a separate, specially- designed education TERM 49 mainstreaming (inclusion) DEFINITION 49 placement of children with mental retardation in regular school classes TERM 50 sheltered workshop DEFINITION 50 protected and supervised workplace that offers job opportunities and training at a pace/level tailored to people with various psychological disabilities TERM 51 theory of mind (mindblindness) DEFINITION 51 unawareness that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs, intentions, and other mental states, not on info they have no way of knowing. typical of autism/asperger's TERM 52 geropsychology DEFINITION 52 field concerned with mental health of elderly people. TERM 53 delirium DEFINITION 53 rapidly developing clouding of consciousness; the person has great difficulty concentrating, focusing attention, and following an orderly sequence of thought TERM 54 dementia DEFINITION 54 syndrome marked by severe problems in memory and in at least one other cognitive problem. may undergo personality changes TERM 55 alzheimer's disease DEFINITION 55 most common form of dementia, usually occurring after the age of 65. mild memory problems, lapses of attention, and difficulties in language/communication. caused by low supply of acetylcholine and glutamate TERM 56 neurofibrillary tangles DEFINITION 56 twisted protein fibers that form within certain brain cells as people age. Alzheimer's patients have an excess of such tangles. TERM 57 senile plaques DEFINITION 57 sphere-shaped deposits of beta-amyloid protein that form in the spaces between certain brain cells and in certain blood vessels as people age. Alzhemier's patients have an excess of these plaques. TERM 58 vascular dementia (multi-infarct) DEFINITION 58 dementia caused by a cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, which restricts blood flow to certain areas of the brain. often times the patient is not even aware of the stroke. symptoms begin suddenly rather than gradually as in alzheimer's. TERM 59 Pick's disease DEFINITION 59 a rare disorder that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. similar to alzheimer's but can be distinguished at autopsy TERM 60 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease DEFINITION 60 source of dementia that has spasms of the body. caused by a slow-acting virus that may live in the body for years before the disease develops. once launched, the disease has a rapid course