Summer Comparative Psych Exam 1 | PSYC 3113 - COMPARATIVE PSYCH, Quizzes of Psychology

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TERM 1 Comparative Psychology definition DEFINITION 1 Branch of psychology that studies the similarities and differences among organismsComparisons means more than one thing TERM 2 Comparative Psychology characteristics DEFINITION 2 Natural science by natural psychologists Explicitly trained on how to make proper comparisons If you make a mistake, you can cause a lot of damages General decline - trying to be replaced by evolutionary psychology Most important psychology that there is because it has the basic tools of comparison TERM 3 Comparative psychologist skills DEFINITION 3 Some mathematical skills Experimental design skills Library skills Writing and communication skills Travel skills Language skills Electronic skills Apparatus design skills TERM 4 Research areas DEFINITION 4 Extremely broad Animals (pet products, animal training) Aging research Behavior toxicology Comparative cognition TERM 5 Early Greek influence DEFINITION 5 As a group Universe is rational Not behaved by gods Controlled by us Scientists Socrates and Plato Aristotle TERM 6 Socrates and Plato DEFINITION 6 Definition As a group thought the world was an ideal World is an illusion - you cannot trust what we see, but you can trust a universal group of knowledge Mnemonic Device:Socks and Play-doughLinks: Aristotle TERM 7 Aristotle DEFINITION 7 Definition Historia Animalia The world of our senses may have problems but it is lawful All we have to study Cataloguing and comparing Credited with creating so many different areas of science Mnemonic Device: Air is total - around us is all we haveLinks: Socrates and Plato TERM 8 European Contribution DEFINITION 8 Roger BaconFrances BaconDescarteJulien xxx LamettrieJohn LockeKantWundt TERM 9 Roger Bacon DEFINITION 9 Definition Credited for being one of the world's first scientists Systematic observation tied with mathematics Empiricism Experiments - can answer questions Mnemonic Device: Roger is for researchLinks: TERM 10 Frances Bacon DEFINITION 10 Definition More laboratories - more places to acquire knowledge Botanical gardens - nice place o compare things Mnemonic Device: Frances for flowersLinks: TERM 21 Harvey DEFINITION 21 Definition Discovered that the heart is a pump Blood circulates Before they thought that it was a metaphysical organ ("Broken heart") Mnemonic Device: Broken Heart HarveyLinks: Biological/physiological influences TERM 22 Leuwenkock DEFINITION 22 Definition First usable microscope Mnemonic Device: Microscopic kockLinks: Biological/physiological influences TERM 23 Mullen DEFINITION 23 Definition Discovered the five senses Impossible to measure speed of nerve impulses Mnemonic Device: Nerve impulses makes mullen senseLinks: Biological/physiological influences, Von Helmholtz, Donders TERM 24 Von Helmholtz DEFINITION 24 Definition Student of Mullen Measured speed of nerve impulses Mnemonic Device:Links: Biological/physiological influences, Mullen TERM 25 Donders DEFINITION 25 Definition Read Mullen's theory Decided it must take time to think, therefore you can measure thinking Invented reaction/time experiment Mental chronometry Mnemonic Device: Give me time to Donder that thoughtLinks: Biological/physiological influences, Mullen, mental chronometry TERM 26 Mental chronometry DEFINITION 26 Definition By Donders Time it takes you to make a complex decision equals the time it takes to make a simple decision Found to be wrong by Kulpe Mnemonic Device: Chrome clicking clockLinks: Donders TERM 27 Ethological/Phychological DEFINITION 27 DarwinRomanesMorganEbbinghausWundtDavid WeinlandThomas MillsThoindikePavlovWatsonCharles Henry TurnerMargret WashburnYeeks TERM 28 Darwin DEFINITION 28 Definition Natural selection Theory of evolution - evidence was physical characteristics Evolution of physical characteristics = evolution o mental characteristics Had the concept but didn't have the ability to study it Mnemonic Device:Links: Ethological/Psychological, Romanes, Morgan, Ethological strategy TERM 29 George Romanes DEFINITION 29 Definition Anecdotal method - behavior profile Connected past with behaviors Had stories Mnemonic Device:Links: Ethological/Psychological, Darwin, Morgan, Adelaide Fielde, Non-experimental Descriptive, Comparative strategy TERM 30 Adelaide Fielde DEFINITION 30 Definition Watching ants build ant bridge over small puddle Actually ants were falling in and drowning and ants started walking on top of them Mnemonic Device: Fielde AntsLinks: George Romanes TERM 31 C. Lloyd Morgan DEFINITION 31 Definition Pointed out that observation wasn't absolute Morgan's Canon - Simplest explanation is usually the best Eliminate other simple awards first Mnemonic Device: Simple MorganLinks: Ethological/Biological, Adelaide Fielde, Darwin, Romanes TERM 32 Ebbinghaus DEFINITION 32 Definition One of the most famous contributions to psychology Studied memory and study of recall Memorized consonants and vowels Produced first learning curb in humans Nonsense syllables Mnemonic Device: E-vowelsLinks: Ethological/BIological, Thoindike TERM 33 David Weinland DEFINITION 33 Definition "A Method of Comparative Psychology" - 1858 Mnemonic Device: Grab some wein to read a method of comparative psychologyLinks: Ethological/Biological TERM 34 Thomas Mills DEFINITION 34 Definition 1858 - Created the First Society for the Study of Comparative Psychology Mnemonic Device: Mill over this in our societyLinks: Ethological/Biological TERM 35 Thoindike DEFINITION 35 Definition Created first learning curb in animals Mnemonic Device:Links: Ethological/Biological, Ebbinghaus TERM 46 Non-experimental Historical DEFINITION 46 Definition Uses historical records Comparing past and present behavior Compare past and past Mnemonic Device:Links: TERM 47 Non-experimental Correlation DEFINITION 47 Definition Simply tells relationship between two variables Does not give a cause and effect answer Ranges from -1 to +1 Superious correlation - just happens by chance Mnemonic Device:Links: TERM 48 Experimental DEFINITION 48 Definition Get a cause and effect answer Mnemonic Device:Links: Tichner TERM 49 Titchner DEFINITION 49 Definition Believed there was no such thing as experiment Believed it is all observation Some are more controlled, some are less Mnemonic Device:Links: Experimental research method TERM 50 Quasi-experimental DEFINITION 50 Definition Casue and effect Difference with Experiment - Independent variable occurs naturally Example: child abuse, natural disaster Mnemonic Device:Links: TERM 51 Experimental Terms DEFINITION 51 Independent variableDependent variableSubject variableStimulus VariableResponse variableOperational DefinitionEnvironmental VariableControl VariableHomologyAnalogySystematic Variation TERM 52 Independent Variable DEFINITION 52 is manipulated If you can manipulate it it is experimental , if not it is quasi-experimental TERM 53 Dependent Variable DEFINITION 53 What you measure Must have some relationship to the independent variable TERM 54 Subject Variable DEFINITION 54 Anything related to the subject Age, Gender, Developmental stage TERM 55 Stimulus Variable DEFINITION 55 Any variable that relates to the stimulus Example, light source, intensity, temperature TERM 56 Response variable DEFINITION 56 Anything that deals with the response Knowing everything about the dependent variable TERM 57 Operational Definition DEFINITION 57 Definition based on procedures used to acquire the effect Example: Definition of learning TERM 58 Environmental Variable DEFINITION 58 Anything that has to do with the environment TERM 59 Control variable DEFINITION 59 Anything in the experiment you have to control Example: Temperature of room, noise level TERM 60 Homology DEFINITION 60 Definition Similarity based on structure Mnemonic Device: Home is the structureLinks: Analogy TERM 71 Shuttle Box DEFINITION 71 Definition Animal just goes back and forth to two or more areas Also known as choice chamber Mnemonic Device:Links: Turner's box TERM 72 Runway DEFINITION 72 Maze without a choicepoint TERM 73 Instrumental Conditioning DEFINITION 73 Definition Simple Controlled by consequence Show learning by speeding up or slowing down experiment Mnemonic Device:Links: TERM 74 Skinner Boxes DEFINITION 74 Definition DV: How much they press the lever IV: Pollution, types of food Mnemonic Device:Links: TERM 75 Alpha Conditioning DEFINITION 75 Definition Associating two non-neutral events Contract a little vs. contract a lot Mnemonic Device:Links: Planaria TERM 76 IO CASH DEFINITION 76 Associative Operant Instrumental Classical Alpha Non-associative Sensitization Habitation TERM 77 Alpha Conditioning DEFINITION 77 Non neutral stimuliPlanarian cartoon TERM 78 Classical conditioning DEFINITION 78 Neutral with non-neutralPavlov's dog TERM 79 Instrumental DEFINITION 79 Response you make is instrumental in receiving punishment or reward "Innate" - response that someone would already make TERM 80 Operant DEFINITION 80 Arbitrary behaviorAction that they wouldn't naturally do TERM 81 Inter-trial interval ITI DEFINITION 81 Amount of time between each trialThe shorter the ITI, the faster the habituationTime from CS to US TERM 82 Inter-stimuli interval ISI DEFINITION 82 Amount of time from the end of the US to the next CSThe less intense the ISI, the faster the habirutation TERM 83 Effector DEFINITION 83 So tired you cannot respond to stimulus anymore TERM 84 Sensory adaptation DEFINITION 84 Can still physically respond byt your sensory is damagedListening to loud music TERM 85 Appetitive DEFINITION 85 Positive reward