Lunar Phases and Tides: Understanding Earth's Moon and Ocean Currents, Study notes of Astrophysics

Download Lunar Phases and Tides: Understanding Earth's Moon and Ocean Currents and more Study notes Astrophysics in PDF only on Docsity! Sun Moon New moon Waxing crescent First quarter Waxing gibbous Full moon Waning gibbous Last (Third) quarter Waning crescent 28 days, about 1 month Waxing crescent First quarter Waxing gibbous Full moon Waning gibbous Third/last quarter -Name _____________________________ Period: __________ Science Teacher: __________ Reporting Category 3: Earth and Space Lunar Phases - 8.7B Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the ____________ & _______________. Moon phase at position 1: _______________________ Moon phase between 1 & 2: _____________________ Moon phase at position 2: _______________________ Moon phase between 2 & 3: _____________________ Moon phase at position 3: _______________________ Moon phase between 3 & 4: _____________________ Moon phase at position 4: _______________________ Moon phase between 4 & 1: _____________________ Time it takes for the moon to revolve around the Earth: __________________________________ Which of these shows the position of the Sun, Moon, and Earth when a full moon phase occurs? a. b. c. d. Approximately how long does it take for the Moon to go from new moon to full moon? a. 1 day b. 6–8 days c. About 2 weeks d. About 1 month 365.25 days, 1 year Northern Hemisphere Spring revolution Which word best describes the changes in the Moon’s appearance during the sequence above? a. Gibbous b. Waning c. Crescent d. Waxing Which diagram best represents the next phase that will occur in the sequence? a. b. c. d. What is the name of the phase of the Moon in the picture? a. New moon b. Gibbous c. Half moon d. Quarter moon What is the name of the phase of the Moon in the picture? a. Crescent b. Gibbous c. Quarter moon d. Half moon Seasons - 8.7A Time it takes for the Earth to revolve around the Sun: ____________________________________ In the model to the left, which hemisphere of Earth is experiencing summer? When Earth reaches Position T in the model, which season will Texas experience? Use the illustration below for the next 3 questions. What does the illustration on the left panel show (above)? a. a sea breeze b. a land breeze c. the Coriolis effect d. cold fronts What does the illustration on the right panel show? a. a sea breeze b. a land breeze c. the Coriolis effect d. cold fronts What is the name of the process that causes the events shown in the illustration panels above? a. radiation b. conduction c. convection d. weathering What does the illustration below show? a. North Atlantic Gyre b. surface ocean currents c. large clockwise rotation d. all of the above Explain how/why the sun heats the Earth unevenly. The sun’s rays hit more directly at the equator, causing higher temperatures in that area. In the poles, the sun’s rays are more spread out (not hitting at a direct angle), which causes cooler temperatures. While sitting around a campfire, a student noticed a small piece of paper rising up above the fire, floating into the air, then falling back down to the ground, away from the fire. Why would this happen? a. Evaporation b. Radiation c. Conduction d. Convection Weather Patterns – 8.10B A student heard the weather forecaster on television say that an area of high pressure was located over his region of the state. What type of weather is the area most likely to experience? a. Cold and wet b. Dry and clear c. Stormy d. Cloudy and wet Which location on the map is experiencing cool temperatures and clear skies? a. Location A b. Location B c. Location C d. Location D Which of the following best describes the weather conditions at Location B? a. Cloudy b. Windy c. Clear skies d. Clear skies and rain Look at the picture provided. The eastern coast of Brazil is experiencing a low pressure system. What type of weather should the people living in this are prepare for? a. Sunny b. Clear skies c. Precipitation d. Drought Oceans & Weather- 8.10C When air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure, it causes — a. an increase in temperature b. rain to fall c. the wind to blow d. a decrease in elevation The ocean plays an important role in the formation of storm systems such as hurricanes because-- a. the wide, open area allows strong winds to develop b. the warm, tropical waters provide the energy that drives the storm c. the high tides push the water higher on the beaches d. salt water holds thermal energy longer than freshwater Reference the map provided to answer this question. Stavanger, Norway, has a warmer climate than the rest of Norway. What could cause this? a. Stavanger is the southernmost city. b. The Gulf Stream current carries warm water to the Stavanger area. c. The Arctic current carries cold water toward Norway. d. There is no sea ice in the region to create the cold, deep ocean currents. Milky Way Stars, Galaxies & Universe - 8.8A The major characteristic that determines the life cycle of a star is – A. The type of nebula that created it B. The mass of the star C. The color of the star D. The density of the star Label each of the following types of galaxies. The Earth is a member of the ______________ _________ Galaxy. Which of the following can be found in galaxies? A. Stars, interstellar gas, and dust B. Stars, mini-galaxies, dust C. Dust, gas, and millions of black holes D. Spiral galaxies and irregular galaxies Spiral galaxy Elliptical galaxy Irregular galaxy Brightness (magnitude, luminosity) and temperature (directly related to color) What does the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram tell us about the star, Betelgeuse? (8.8A) a. It has a low surface temperature and high luminosity b. It has high surface temperature and high luminosity c. It has low surface temperature and low luminosity d. It has high surface temperature and low luminosity In the provided Herztsprung-Russell diagram, we see a group of stars in the Main Sequence. What is the relationship between a star’s temperature and luminosity (brightness)? a. As the temperature increases, the luminosity decreases. b. As the temperature decreases, the luminosity increases. c. As the temperature increases, the luminosity increases. d. There is no relationship between temperature and luminosity. What star characteristics are used to classify them on the H-R Diagram? The Sun – 8.8B The provided graphic represents a model of three different stars. Which model is the best representation of our Sun? a. The small blue/white star b. The medium yellow star c. The large red star d. Our Sun is not represented here The Sun is a star in the Milky Way galaxy. Which location above best represents the location of the Sun? a. Location W b. Location X c. Location Y d. Location Z When making a poster of the Sun, a student decides to include the length of time it takes a ray of light to travel from the Sun to Earth. What length, in minutes, of time should the student include on the poster? Grid your answer in the space provided. 8 Formation of Crustal Features – 8.9B Label the layers of the Earth in this model. Type of plate boundary: Type of plate boundary: Type of plate boundary: Landform(s) created by this movement: Landform(s) created by this movement: Landform(s) created by this movement: Inner core Outer core Mantle Crust Convergent Transform Divergent Mountains, volcanoes, island arcs, trench, subduction zone Earthquakes, faults Seafloor spreading, mid-ocean ridge, rift valley The diagram shows how the ocean floor is spreading. The new ocean floor made of molten rock is being formed at a mid-ocean ridge. Which best describes where the molten rock comes from? a. The crust b. Volcanoes under the ocean floor c. Masses of land to either side of the ocean d. The mantle just beneath Earth’s crust Which table represents a land feature or geologic process that occurs at each type of boundary pictured? a. b. c. d. Q R S T Many scientists believe that convection currents in the asthenosphere between South America and Africa caused the separation of the two continents and the formation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Which diagram best represents the convection currents in the plate tectonic theory? Which of these features is formed by the separation of the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates? a. Ice cave b. Rift valley c. Deep trench d. Flat plateau ** What would you look for in a series of topographic maps to determine that erosion has occurred? a. A widening of the spaces between contour lines b. A crossing of contour lines c. An increase in the number of rivers d. Wind speed and direction values Based on the information above, which of the following is a valid conclusion? a. The force of the earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 was limited to areas near Japan. b. Events like earthquakes and tsunamis have the greatest impact on areas south of the actual events. c. The force of the earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 had far-reaching consequences. d. The Sulzberger Ice Shelf in Antarctica was already weak and, therefore, likely to be damaged by an earthquake or tsunami. Human Impact on Groundwater – 7.8C Street signs around the city of Austin, Texas warn citizens against dumping waste liquids in certain areas. The signs state that these areas are aquifer recharge zones where large quantities of water can flow into the aquifer. Why should dumping be limited in recharge areas? a. Liquid waste may directly enter the groundwater. b. Austin is too close to the Gulf coast. c. Water should be recycled. d. There is a water shortage in Austin. Look at the diagram of the aquifer. Where could pollution from human activity enter the confined aquifer shown in the diagram? a. From the unconfined aquifer b. From the recharge zone not shown in the diagram c. From pollution poured on the ground above it d. From the surface water Look at the map provided. When the water from the river was sampled at location X, it was determined to be polluted with various chemicals. What would be the most likely source for this pollution? a. Factory A b. Factory B c. Community C d. Community D A paper company wants to build a paper mill in the watershed pictured. The citizens of Redstone Village are concerned about the point source pollution that may be generated by the paper mill. Which location would be the best place to build the paper mill so that Redstone Village would not have polluted water from the paper mill’s waste flowing past it? a. Location A b. Location B c. Location C d. Location D