Islam: Key Terms, Teachings, and Historical Events - Prof. Kay K. Jordan, Study notes of World Religions

Download Islam: Key Terms, Teachings, and Historical Events - Prof. Kay K. Jordan and more Study notes World Religions in PDF only on Docsity! Islam - FINAL 37. Define the following terms: Islam, Muslim, mosque, Allah, Qur’an, Hadith, Kabah (ka’aba). (Review the lectures, handout, and the text for these terms.), Islam: The perfect peace that comes from surrender to Allah Muslim: One who submits to Allah Mosque: Literally means “place of prostration.” - An Islamic house of worship. Allah: God (the same God worshipped by Christians and Jews). Qur’an: The holy book of the Muslims comprised of the ecstatic utterances of Muhammad while in a trance state. Hadith: The body of tradition originating from the first generation of Muslims and handed down both orally and in writing. Kabah: A cloth covered stone enclosure in Mecca that originally housed 360 religious images and a black meteorite. Later, Muhammad removed the religious images but kept the black meteorite. It is a center of pilgrimage for Muslims from the time of Muhammad to the present. 38. What are some of the key teachings of Islam? What is the nature of the divine (god)? What is the role of the prophet? Do Muslims believe in a savior? There is only one god. There is no savior. Each person must accept responsibility for his/her actions. They believe the Seal of the Prophets and that Muhammad is the last prophet god will send. The Five Pillars of Islam: 1. Confession of Faith (Shahadah). “There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. 2. Ritual of prayer five times a day. 3. Feast during Ramadan from dawn to dusk. Commemorates Muhammad’s call to prophecy and also one of his victories in battle. 4. Pilgrimage of Hajj. Every Muslim who is financially able must go to Mecca at least once. 5. Almsgiving (Zakat) Muslims are expected to support the poor in their community. 39. Describe the life of Muhammad before his call to be a prophet. Who is Khadijah? (Handout). Regarded as a man, not a god, but miraculous things occurred during his birth. A monk declared that he would be a prophet, and he was able to perform miracles. His parents both died when he was young and he was raised by his grandfather, and later by his uncle and he grew up in poverty. Eventually he married a wealthy widow named Khadijiah, and he later on had at least a dozen wives. He was born much later than the other religious founders we have studied, and came in contact with Christians and Jews. He became uncomfortable with the polytheism in Arabia. 40. Note the importance of the hadith (recollections or sayings of Muhammad) for Muslims. The Qur’an represents Muhammad’s revelations from God while he was in an ecstatic state, the hadith are the remembrances of his sayings by family members and close associates. Several editors compiled collections of Muhammad’s sayings which were used to aid the community of followers (Muslims) in basing their societies and individual lives on his teachings. 41. Describe Muhammad’s call to prophecy. Note this is sometimes called the Night of Power? Muhammad often visited a cave near the base of Mt. Hira, and one night he had a vision of Gabriel who told him to recite. When he couldn’t the angel choked him. Once released, the angel told him what to recite and told him he was the prophet. After this experience, he sometimes fell into a trance and recited. He was illiterate so he had a secretary record it. He was a messenger, which made him like Moses and different from Jesus. 42. What did Muhammad preach after his call to prophecy? How did the leaders of Mecca feel about his teachings? He began to preach in the courtyard of the Kaba (rectangular structure used to worship) that Allah was the one and only god and that someday there would be a judgment that would send the good to Heaven and the bad to Hell. The idea of monotheism and judgment was very disturbing to his community. The idea of only one god instead of 360 threatened Mecca tourism, and many felt he was threatening old age beliefs. He realized if he was in Mecca, his life was in danger. 43 What is Muhammad’s Night Journey or Night Ascent? What was the name of the city from which he ascended? (Text) A story about Muhammad that states Gabriel came and cleansed him, and took him( from Mecca) into the air where he first went to Jerusalem and then to the sea of the Heavens where he spoke with Adam, John the Baptist, Jesus, Joseph, Moses, and Abraham. He then went no further with Gabriel, but was put onto a flying carpet where he went to speak with Allah. This demonstrated that Muhammad has the same status as his prophetic processors. 44. What was the Hijra? When did this occur? What is the year which the Muslims count as year 1 on their calendars? He fled to the city of Yathrib which was later renamed Medina (the city of the prophet), this is called The Hijra. This occurred in 622 CE and this is counted as year one for Muslims. 45. What did Muhammad do in the city of Yathrib (Mecca)? (Lecture, Text.) He built the first mosque and began weekly Friday services. At first, followers were expected to pray facing Jerusalem, but he got into an altercation with the local Jews, and this was changed to Mecca. 46. When did Muhammad return to Mecca? What did he do when he took control of the city? (Lecture, text) Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630. He cleansed the Kabah of the 360 religious idols within, leaving only the black meteorite. 46. What are the 5 Pillars of Islam? Define the words: Shahadah, Salat, Zakat, Hajj, Ramadan, Kabah. . The Five Pillars of Islam: 1. Confession of Faith (Shahadah). “There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet” 2. Ritual of prayer five times a day. (Salat) 3. Feast during Ramadan from dawn to dusk. Commemorates Muhammad’s call to prophecy and also one of his victories in battle. 4. Pilgrimage of Hajj. Every Muslim who is financially able must go to Mecca at least once. 5. Almsgiving (Zakat) Muslims are expected to support the poor in their community. Kabah – a cloth-covered stone structure in Mecca that housed 360 religious images and a black meteorite. Later, Muhammad removed the statues but kept the meteor. It is a center of pilgrimage for Muslims. 47. What are some of the key Islamic religious holidays? (Text) Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. Throughout the daylight hours of Ramadan, Muslims observe strict fasting from sunup to sundown. This month is held in honor of the Prophet Mohammed, for it was during the month of Ramadan that Allah revealed the first