Sustainable Development - Introduction to Conservation Biology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Biology

Download Sustainable Development - Introduction to Conservation Biology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Sustainable Development • The concept of sustainable development emerged as the means by which biodiversity and natural resources might be saved while allowing humans to prosper • Was generated at the World Conservation Strategy (IUCN/UNEP/WWF 1980), from a UN conference in 1972 Docsity.com Sustainable Development • So what is sustainable development? • It means many things to many people • However, most are anthropogenic focusing on human aspirations and how the environment might provide them Docsity.com Sustainable Development • Sustainable development might also be known as integrated conservation and development projects, community-based conservation or community adaptation and sustainable livelihoods projects • Many deal with sustainable agriculture, fisheries, aquaculture, or forestry Docsity.com Sustainable Development • SD projects typically use a number of economic tools to promote sustainability, including incentives such as certification, subsidies, and grants, or job creation in sustainable enterprises, and sometimes penalties, such as fines or fees for continuing unsustainable practices Docsity.com Sustainable Development • Importantly, SD projects often are par of a larger strategy for landscape- or ecosystem-scale conservation • ICDP’s are usually conceptualized as including protected areas and regions of sustainable enterprise (Fig. 16.1) • Stems from concern PA are not sufficient to conserve biodiversity Docsity.com Sustainable Development • How good are SD projects at conserving biodiversity? • A study suggested that genetic-, population- and species-level diversity may be particularly vulnerable to increasing intensive uses • Ecosystem processes and structure seem to be impacted later, when conditions further diminish Docsity.com Sustainable Development • What if we made a comparison of the side-by-side options with various criteria (from Table 16.1) • E.g. the Pantanal in Brazil – “Hidrovia” would channelize the Paraguay R for barge traffic (with dams) Docsity.com Sustainable Development • Unfortunately, there is a general tradeoff between the degree to which biodiversity can be protected and SD projects take place and succeed Docsity.com Sustainable Development • Analysis of community-based conservation in Asia and the Pacific allowed researchers to develop a table of indicators for when a community- based, sustainable enterprise project is likely (or not) to succeed Docsity.com Sustainable Development • Mexico has 300-480 community forest enterprises (CFE), which are community- owned and managed forest lands for producing commercial timber and other saleable goods • Some CFEs have gone further and promote sustainable forestry and biodiversity (read CS 8.3) Docsity.com Sustainable Development • How to promote sustainability? • A group of conservation organizations met and drafted a set of ecological principles of sustainability to promote sustainability • 1) nature should be understood to be an irreplaceable source of knowledge, from which we can learn potential solutions so some of our problems Docsity.com Sustainable Development • 5) sufficiency must replace economic efficiency. Earth’s resources are finite, and this fact must be accepted in order for humanity to adopt limits. We must distinguish between ‘need’ and ‘want’ • 6) community is essential for survival. The “global community” should reflect and encourage diversity while being interdependent Docsity.com Sustainable Development • 7) biological and cultural diversity must be preserved, defended, and encouraged Docsity.com Sustainable Development • What are the chances these will actually be adopted? • Fisheries are using empirically based models and marine PA’s are widespread • Water supplies and watersheds are becoming better protected • Greenhouse gases are actually being discussed, by some nations Docsity.com Sustainable Development • What conditions need to change to expedite SD? • 1) the value system that lie at the core of the human fabric and drive our collective behaviors need to change drastically (e.g. wealthy countries need to more towards long-term goals) • This will require more knowledge about their relationship with the environment Docsity.com Sustainable Development • 2) the growth-oriented economic systems that drive human existence must be replaced by steady-state economic systems that accept natural limits to our artificial economics • 3) human population growth must slow, stop, and eventually reverse; toward this goal, sustainable development projects must contain internal incentives to limit population growth Docsity.com Sustainable Development • Homework for next Tuesday lab; • Read CS 16.1 (ecotourism), 16.2 (large- scale preservation and sustainability) and 16.5 (sea turtles in Australia) Docsity.com