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Syllables, Rules and Phonological Processes - Lecture Slides | LING 2100, Study notes of Linguistics

Phonological Processes Powerpoint Material Type: Notes; Professor: Macak; Class: The Study of Language; Subject: Linguistics; University: University of Georgia;

Typology: Study notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 02/15/2012

mknick14
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Download Syllables, Rules and Phonological Processes - Lecture Slides | LING 2100 and more Study notes Linguistics in PDF only on Docsity! Syllables, Rules, and Phonological Processes Syllable • A necessary unit in the mental organization and production of utterances • A prominence peak Sonority Sequencing Generalization (SSG) • In any syllable, there is a segment constituting a sonority peak that is preceded and/or followed by a sequence of segments with progressively decreasing sonority values. Syllabic Consonants • Form the peak of a syllable • Generally ‘longer’ than their non-syllabic counterparts Complications • Syllable boundaries are not clearly defined. • However, how many syllables in... ...beer, whale, fire, flour, (flower,) hour, shower? Syllable Structure • Cf., Collocational restrictions between Nucleus and Coda, but not between Onset and Nucleus Syllable Structure • Cf., Collocational restrictions between Nucleus and Coda, but not between Onset and Nucleus Phonological Rule • A statement about the distribution of the surface forms, or the allophones of a phoneme. • Mediates between underlying, mental elements (phonemes) and their surface, physical realizations (allophones) • Operates on the specific articulatory features of the underlying segments Phonological processes Assimilation • Making a (bundle of) feature(s) of a segment more “similar” to a (bundle of) feature(s) of another (often neighboring) segment • An underlying alveolar nasal /n/ becomes velar (nasal) in front of another velar consonant, such as voiceless velar stop [k]. Palatalization • A special type of assimilation • Assimilation to the feature [Palatal] • Careful (or formal) vs. casual (or informal) speech the ideal timing of features Nn §S alveolar alveolar stop fricative velum lower =nasal H velum raised voiceless Insertion the ideal timing of features Nn §S alveolar alveolar stop fricative velum lower =nasal H velum raised voiceless Insertion alveolar alveolar stop face 1ahY() Wetman =nasal velum raised voiceless Deletion • Elimination of a segment present at the phonemic level Fortition and Lenition Fortition (Strengthening) • Makes segments “stronger” • Aspiration • A period of voicelessness after the release of an articulation Fortition and Lenition Lenition (Weakening) • Makes segments “weaker” • Flapping • An articulator rapidly strikes against another articulator.
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