Download Systematics Based on Evolutionary Relationships: TAXONOMY and more Lecture notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! SYSTEMATICS BASED ON EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS: TAXONOMY TAXONOMY Taxonomy came from the Ancient Greek (taxis)meaning “ARRANGEMENT” and (nomia) “METHOD” Is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics. Is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world Organisms are grouped together into taxa (singular: taxon) The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. FIVE TYPES OF KINGDOM: 1. Monera Kingdom -consists of organisms that are made up of one cell. These organisms are called unicellular. These unicellular organisms are made of a very simple cell that often lacks many cell parts, such as a nucleus, that are commonly found in other cells. 2. Protist Kingdom Protists are similar to monera in that they are unicellular. Protists are a bit more complex because they contain a nucleus. They also have moving parts and can move around within their environment. 3. Fungi Kingdom Fungi have their own kingdom because there is no other organism like them. They were once thought to be plants but they differ from plants in one major way. Fungi cannot make their own food. Mushrooms are a type of fungi. 4. Plant Kingdom All plants are a part of the Plant Kingdom. Plants include trees, grass, flowers, and algae. They all share the common characteristic of being able to make their own food.Because they only require a few simple requirements, plants can grow almost anywhere. 5. Animal Kingdom Organisms in the Animal Kingdom are multicellular and rely on other organisms for food. This kingdom is by far the largest of all the kingdoms. Genus Genus is a group of species which are alike in broad features of their organization but different in detail. Species in a genus have common ancestry. Example, Genus panthera within felidae family. Species Species is a group of actually or potentially inbreeding population reproductively isolated from other such groups. It is the lowest taxonomic characteristics. It consists of individuals which have fundamental similarities and can be distinguished from other closely related species due to distinct morphological characters. EXAMPLES OF TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF PANTHER Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Panthera Species: pardus TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF WOLF Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Species: Lupus TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF CAT Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Felis Species: Catus TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF TIGER Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Panthera Species: tigris
