table of contents, Exercises of Law

Download table of contents and more Exercises Law in PDF only on Docsity! TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. Letter from the Secretary-General 2. Letter from the Under Secretary-General 3. Historical Background - Mexican Drug War 4. Beginning of the Committee 5. The DEA 6. The Cartels a. The Sinaloa Cartel b. Los Zetas c. Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación 7. Maps 8. Character Matrix a. CARTELS b. GOVERNMENT 9. Bibliography 3. Historical Background - The Mexican Drug War The Mexican Drug War, or the Mexican War on Drugs is the portion of the global war on drugs that takes part throughout Mexico, with occasional spillover across international borders into Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and California, as well as into the neighbouring countries of El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Belize and Guatemala. It is a conflict between the Mexican government and regional drug trafficking organizations (often referred to as cartels), although recently the military has been involved in numerous operations against the heads of the cartels, many resulting in high-profile arrests. These arrests have been pointed to as a significant factor behind the decline in the power of the aforementioned cartels. From a geopolitical perspective, it is easy to understand why Mexico has long been used as a staging and transshipment point for narcotics and contraband between the Latin American and U.S. markets. Mexican smugglers truly earned the notoriety they are known for today towards the end of the 1960’s, with the help of Columbian Pablo Escobar’s cocaine exports and during the 1970s and early 1980s, while Escobar's Medellin Cartel and the Cali Cartel would manufacture the products, Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo's Guadalajara Cartel would oversee distribution. When enforcement efforts intensified in South Florida and the Caribbean, the Colombian organizations formed partnerships with the Mexico-based traffickers to transport cocaine by land through Mexico into the United States. This was easily accomplished because Mexico had long been a major source of heroin and cannabis, and drug traffickers from Mexico had already established an infrastructure that stood ready to serve the Colombia-based traffickers. By the mid-1980s, the organizations from Mexico were well-established and reliable transporters of Colombian cocaine. At first, the Mexican gangs were paid in cash for their transportation services, but in the late 1980s, the Mexican transport organizations and the Colombian drug traffickers settled on a payment-in- product arrangement. Transporters from Mexico usually were given 35% to 50% of each cocaine shipment. This arrangement meant that organizations from Mexico became involved in the distribution, as well as the transportation of cocaine, and became formidable traffickers in their own right. In recent years, the Sinaloa Cartel and the Gulf Cartel have taken over trafficking cocaine from Colombia to the worldwide markets The balance of power between the various Mexican cartels continually shifts as new organizations emerge and older ones weaken and collapse. A disruption in the system, such as the arrests or deaths of cartel leaders, generates bloodshed as rivals move in to exploit the power vacuum. Leadership vacuums are sometimes created by law enforcement successes against a particular cartel, so cartels often will attempt to pit law enforcement against one another, either by bribing corrupt officials to take action against a rival or by leaking intelligence about a rival's operations to the Mexican or U.S. government's Drug Enforcement Administration. 4. Beginning of the Committee Date: March 2019. Location: Mexico. El Chapo has escaped, and has since been welcomed as the leader of the Sinaloa Cartel, putting Garcia into the number 2 spot and has united the two sides of the war among cartels against a common enemy: the Mexican government. He was able to do this by securing the escapes of leaders from both sides and filling the lack of leadership caused by their incarceration. It was obvious that the cartels held very little power compared to their golden age and it was fortunate that they had the men and guns to wage the biggest war Mexico had ever seen. They were so close. After almost a century of what can only be described as war, the mexican government was proud of its dismantlement of the criminal hierarchy. As crime lord after crime lord fell, the power vacuum led to inner conflicts among the cartels, and it was almost over. Until that bastard Chapo escaped. His capture and imprisonment was a symbol of the prevalence of justice, and was the end of an era of crime. But now that he was on the loose, he had not stopped wreaking havoc. The government could not face the embarrassment of so many escapes, and neither could the Americans. It was mostly their fault, and they acted like it. They couldn't risk news getting out, so they promised their absolute support in the upcoming conflict. The goal of the cartels is clear: annihilate any chance of government intervention with their operations, forever. Seize cities, destroy facilities, kill soldiers. 5. The DEA The Drug Enforcement Administration is a United States federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Justice, tasked with combating drug trafficking and distribution within the United States. The DEA is the lead agency for domestic enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act, sharing concurrent jurisdiction with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s Homeland Security Investigations, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and the Department of Homeland Security. It has sole responsibility for coordinating and pursuing US drug investigations both domestic and abroad. The DEA is headed by an Administrator of Drug Enforcement appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The DEA's headquarters is located in Arlington, Virginia across from the Pentagon. It maintains its own DEA Academy located on the Marine Corps Base Quantico at Quantico, Virginia along with the FBI Academy. It maintains 23 domestic field divisions with 222 field offices and 92 foreign offices in 70 countries. With a budget exceeding $3 billion, DEA employs 10,169 people, including 4,924 Special Agents and 800 Intelligence Analysts. Figure 1.1: Drug bust of warehouse belonging to the Sinaloa cartel Figure 1.2: Weapons found inside base belonging to Sinaloa cartel b. Los Zetas (Golfos, CDG) Headquarters: Tamaulipas Active Regions: Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Chiapas, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Hidalgo, Querétaro, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Guanajuato, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Michoacan Activities: Drug Trafficking, Human Trafficking, Ransom, Contract Killing, Prostitution Leader: Miguel Treviño Morales (La Mona) Specialty: Severe Violence, Beheadings, Torture, Terrorism In 1999, Gulf Cartel's leader, Osiel Cárdenas Guillén, hired a group of 37 corrupt former elite military soldiers to work for him. These former Airmobile Special Forces Group (GAFE), and Amphibian Group of Special Forces (GANFE) soldiers became known as Los Zetas and began operating as a private army for the Gulf Cartel. During the early 2000s the Zetas were instrumental in the Gulf Cartel's domination of the drug trade in much of Mexico. After the 2007 arrest and extradition of Osiel Cárdenas Guillén, the Zetas seized the opportunity to strike out on their own. Under the leadership of Heriberto Lazcano, the Zetas, numbering about 300, gradually set up their own independent drug, arms and human-trafficking networks. In 2008, Los Zetas made a deal with ex-Sinaloa cartel commanders, the Beltrán-Leyva brothers and since then, became rivals of their former employer/partner, the Gulf Cartel. In early 2010 the Zetas made public their split from the Gulf Cartel and began a bloody war with the Gulf Cartel over control of northeast Mexico's drug trade routes. This war has resulted in the deaths of thousands of cartel members and suspected members. Furthermore, due to alliance structures, the Gulf Cartel-Los Zetas conflict drew in other cartels, namely the Sinaloa Cartel which fought the Zetas in 2010 and 2011. The Zetas are notorious for targeting civilians, including the mass murder of 72 migrants in the San Fernando massacre. The Zetas involved themselves in more than drug trafficking and have also been connected to human trafficking, pipeline trafficked oil theft and extortion. Their criminal network is said to reach far from Mexico including into Central America, the U.S. and Europe. Figure 1.3: Footage showing Los Zetas executing members of Sinaloa Cartel Figure 1.4: Los Zetas members showing their arsenal c. Jalisco New Generation Cartel 7. Maps Areas of cartel influence in Mexico Main geographic areas. BB Sinaloa H Tierra Caliente Hf Tamaulipas Mexic ‘0 City Source: Stratfor California” ‘Sur ca sSiseae MEXICO, = Nation! capital © State captal ° ciy 4 Major airport State boundary Main road caiaian Be otaPa: Sinaloa —-+— International boundary Pyare rly PACIFIC OCEAN Chihuahua SS. camara et Cosh ee fen Durango ta tore WS fin satsco pitty) Yencror Guerero axica Sinai Campeche ontiina Zz pronapfbctize ; Beanoran Biiownn > uci) OvaTeuata Honours < °  8. Character Matrix a. CARTELS El Chapo (Chair) Ismael Zambada García (El Mayo) | Sinaloa Cartel Nemesia Oseguera Cervantes (El Mencho) | JCNG Ovidio Guzman Lopez (El Raton) | Sinaloa Cartel Juan Manuel Loza Salinas (El Toro) | Los Zetas Erick Valencia Salazar (El 85) | JCNG Eric Guerra (El Antrax) | Sinaloa Cartel Jose Marques (El Serpiente) | Los Zetas Fausto Isidro Meza Flores (El Chapo Isidro) | Sinaloa Cartel Manuel Rodrigo Torres (La Salamandra) | JCNG Andrik Torrego(El Craw) | Sinalo Cartel Eduarda Lorenzo | JCNG b. GOVERNMENT Luis Cresencio Sandoval (President and Chair) Mark Devin (DEA representative) Mark Derosa (DEA representative) Christopher Landau (US Ambassador to Mexico) Carlos Perez (Commander of the Special Forces) Jose Duran (Commander of the Navy) Jesus Sanchez (2nd General of the Army) Hector Ortiz (Cartel Force Commander) Alejandro Mendoza (Treasurer of State) Alejandro Gertz Manero (Attorney General) Audomaro Martinez Zapata (Executive of Mexican Intelligence) Alfonso Durazo (Secretary of Security and Civilian Protection) 9. Bibliography https://web.archive.org/web/20120314192134/http://stanford.edu/~dkronick/mexico_crime/ http://www.insightcrime.org/mexico-organized-crime-news https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_drug_control https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2006_in_Mexico https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organized_crime_conflicts_in_Mexico https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organized_crime_conflicts_in_the_United_States https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_in_Mexico https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mexican_Drug_War https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-40480405 https://apnews.com/hub/drug-cartels https://www.insightcrime.org/news/analysis/the-sicilianization-of-mexican-drug-cartels/ https://www.npr.org/2020/07/23/893561899/as-mexicos-dominant-cartel-gains-power-the-president- vows-hugs-not-bullets https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sinaloa-cartel https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-10-19/el-chapo-sinaloa-cartel-culiacan