ANS 313 Take-Home Exam 1: Animal Nutrition, Exams of Animal Biology

Download ANS 313 Take-Home Exam 1: Animal Nutrition and more Exams Animal Biology in PDF only on Docsity! ANS 313 Take-Home Exam 1. Septermber 14, 1998 Name: ______________________________________  DUE September 18 12:00 noon. Answers must be spelled correctly and easy to read. 1 point for your name. True/False (circle T or F). 1. T F The VFA produced by hindgut fermentation in a pony are the same three VFA as those produced by foregut fermentation in a goat. 2. T F The large intestine of carnivores is long compared to that of herbivores. 3. T F "Near-Infrared Reflectance" (NIR) works okay when analyzing alfalfa for protein but wet chemistry should be used for analysis of minerals. 4. T F The combining of glucose and galactose to make a molecule of lactose is an example of a catabolic pathway. 5. T F In general, the slower the rate of passage of digesta through the tract, the greater the extent of digestion. 6. T F Facilitated diffusion is the mechanism whereby the absorption of a compound in lower concentration in the digesta than in the gut mucosal cells is facilitated by sodium ions being pumped into the digesta and cotransported. 7. T F The small intestine has very little blood flow to and from it. 8. T F In the small intestine, the inactive compound trypsinogen is converted by enterokinase to the enzyme trypsin, an endopeptidase that hydrolyzes proteins at specific interior bonds as one of the first steps in protein digestion. 9. T F According to Church and Pond, boron is an inorganic nutrient that is required by animals. 10. T F Byproduct feeds should not be fed to ruminants. They are generally not digestible. Multiple choice (only one best answer for each question). 11. ____ Why is the amount of cell wall carbohydrate, or fiber, in a feedstuff important? a. the fiber polysaccharides are -linked and thus only bacteria can degrade them b. fiber usually contains some indigestible materials, such as lignin c. the % fiber of a feed is usually inversely related to its energy concentration d. all of the above are true e. only a and b are true 12. ____ The %NDF of a feed is a better measure of its cell wall carbohydrate fraction than is %CF because: a. NDF contains only some of the lignin. b. NDF contains pectins and gums. c. CF contains only some of the lignin. d. CF contains pectins and gums. 13. ____ The major functional difference between the pig and chicken digestive tracts is: a. chickens have two ceca instead of one. b. chickens have a crop and gizzard c. pigs produce more methane d. pigs have a shorter esophagus for their body size 14. ____ Raw soybeans should not be fed to pigs becuase: a. they contain some proteins that are indigestible b. they contain too much oil for a pig c. they contain urease, which catalyzes the breakdown of urea d. they contain a compound that impairs the ability of the pig to digest protein 15. ____ Adequate effective fiber in a ruminant diet is necessary to stimulate rumination, which in turn stimulates salivation, which in turn is necessary to do this: a. decrease blood volume b. remove phosphorus from blood c. elevate rumen pH d. lower rumen pH 16. ____ According to the text, the food fed to pets in the United States could feed how many people? a. 400,000 b. 4,000,000 c. 40,000,000 d. 400,000,000 e. they never said anything about this in the chapters we were supposed to read ANS 313 Take-Home Exam 1. Septermber 14, 1998 Name: ______________________________________ 17. ____ A distinctive characteristic of the cat’s digestive tract was: a. it smelled like cat excrement b. it was relatively simple compared to the other tracts c. it had a sacculated cecum d. a and b are both true e. none of the above are true 18. ____ The mechanism by which the end-product of starch digestion in a horse woud be absorbed: a. facilitated diffusion b. facilitated confusion c. active transport d. passive transport Fill in the blanks 19. The site of most starch digestion in a pig. 20. All absorbed nutrients except fats must pass through this organ before being partitioned through the body. It is the central organ of metabolism 21. Name a process that a farmer can use to increase the digestibility of corn grain. 22. When this structure functions properly, milk fed to a young ruminant bypasses the rumen and is shunted directly to the omasum. 23. The enzyme in saliva and pancreatic juice that breaks down starch. 24. Secreted from the gall bladder, these act as emulsifying agents to assist in the digestion and absorption of dietary fat. 25. Found especially in the primary cell wall of mature plant stems, this compound is indigestible and decreases the digestibility of other cell wall components. 26. The primary metabolic fuel for a young horse fed a high grain diet. This compound is also the primary building block for making lactose. 27. These large protein molecules in colostrum are absorbed intact in the young mammal and help prevent disease. 28. Feed particles are more likely to pass into this foregut compartment of a ruminant if they are small and dense. 29. The primary energy source for the proteolytic bacteria. 30. Of the three digesta layers in the rumen, this one is in the middle. 31. A feedstuff we examined in lab that can cheaply provide N to the cellulolytic bacteria of ruminants. 32. The microbial product that is very useful to a foregut fermenter, but is not useful to a hindgut fermenter unless it practices coprophagy. Methods for estimating endogenous N excretion for calculations of true digestibility include 1) feeding a: 33. diet and measuring fecal N or 2) feeding several levels of N and using 34. analysis to extrapolate fecal N at zero intake. [see chapter 5 in Church and Pond) One strategy for surviving and thriving on a high fiber diet is to eat a lot but only digest the easy stuff and pass the rest on out of the tract. Using this strategy, the Chinese Panda may only digest 5% of its diet of bamboo leaves, but it eats as much as 35. % if its body weight in a day. (see chapter 4 in Church and Pond) Short-answer essay 36. Why does the wall of the stomach secrete mucous? (15 words or less) 37. Describe one disadvantage of microbial fermentation to the cow. (15 words or less) Problems (SHOW YOUR WORK to receive full credit) (2 points per blank) 38. You are given following data on a new product called "Sow chow 2000".