Terms for Final with Dr. Robertson | PS 1010 - Introduction to Global Politics, Quizzes of Political Science

Download Terms for Final with Dr. Robertson | PS 1010 - Introduction to Global Politics and more Quizzes Political Science in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Developing Country DEFINITION 1 Term used loosely to denote any country that has not achieved levels of economic prosperity and political stability found in North America, the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Asia; in general, a country where the ratio of population to land, jobs, and other factors is unfavorable and where political stability, public services, and individual safety are lacking. Developing countries are found mainly in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America and are characterized by high levels of unemployment, widespread poverty and malnutrition, highly restricted access to education and medical care, official corruption, and social inequality. TERM 2 Third World DEFINITION 2 Collectively, the developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, most of which were once European colonies; Third World nations tend to be poor and densely populated TERM 3 imperialism DEFINITION 3 A policy of territorial expansion (empire building), often by means of military conquest; derived from the word empire TERM 4 nation building DEFINITION 4 The process by which inhabitants of a given territory- irrespective of ethnic, religious, or inguistic differences- come to identify with symbols and institutions of their nation- state. TERM 5 state building DEFINITION 5 the creation of political institutions capable of exercising authority and allocating resources effectively within a nation TERM 6 democratic correlates DEFINITION 6 A condition or correlate thought to relate positively to the creations and maintenance of a democracy within a nation. TERM 7 guerrilla warfare DEFINITION 7 The tactics used by loosely organized military forces into small, mobile squads that carry out acts of terrorism and sabotage, then melt back into the civilian population. TERM 8 low-intensity conflict DEFINITION 8 Internal warfare that is sporadic, and carried out on a small scale but often prolonged and debilitiating to the state and society in which it occurs. TERM 9 arms race DEFINITION 9 Reciprocal military build-ups between rival statesl a process that tends to accelerate research technology and development in weapons systems and, according to some experts, is a potential cause for war. TERM 10 limited war DEFINITION 10 The opposite of all-out war, particularly all-out nuclear war TERM 21 ABC war DEFINITION 21 A general term for war involving weapons of mass destruction [WMD], especially atomic (nuclear), biological, and chemical weapons. TERM 22 Realism DEFINITION 22 The philosophy that power is the key variable in all political relationships and should be used pragmatically and prudently to advance the national interest; policies are judged good or bad on the basis of their effect on national interests, not on their level of morality TERM 23 national interest DEFINITION 23 A term that is often invoked but seldom defined, it is usually associated with power enhancement; shorthand for whatever enhances the power and best serbes the supreme purposes of the nation, including prosperity, prestige, security, and above all, survival. TERM 24 Balance of Power system DEFINITION 24 A classic theory of international relations that holds that nations of approximately equal strength will seek to maintain the status quo by preventing any one nation from gaining superiority. In this system, participating nations form alliances and frewuently use war as a means of resolving disputes, seizing territory, gaining prestige, or seeking glory. TERM 25 Globalization DEFINITION 25 The process by which values, attitudes, preferences, and products associated with the most technologically advanced democracies are being spread around the world via mass media and trade; The process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures are becoming integrated and mutually dependent via a worldwide web of trade and communication; also, the worldwide circulation of ideas, values, music, movies, fads, and fashions. TERM 26 Int'l Monetary Fund [IMF] DEFINITION 26 A specialized agency of the United Nations designed to promote worldwide monetary cooperation, international trade, and economic stability. It also helps equalize balance of payments by allowing member countries to borrow from its funds. TERM 27 unipolar system DEFINITION 27 A term that evolved from the context of the Cold War to denote the unprecedented destructive capabilities and the global reach of the US and USSR and to differentiate between these two nuclear behemoths from the great powers that existed prior to the advent of the nuclear age. TERM 28 bipolar system DEFINITION 28 Following WWII, the traditional European balance-of-power system gave way to teo rival power blocs TERM 29 idealism DEFINITION 29 A political philosophy that considers values, ideals, and moral principles as the keys to comprehending, and possibly changing, the behavior of nation-states. TERM 30 multinational corporations [MNC] DEFINITION 30 A company that conducts in more than one country; major MNCs operate on a global scale TERM 31 international nongovernmental organization [INGO] DEFINITION 31 Comprised of private individuals and groups INGOs thranscend borders in pursuit of common cause. TERM 32 international governmental organization [IGO] DEFINITION 32 Groupings of established states; IGOs are based pm treates, have formal structures, and meet at regular intervals TERM 33 interdependence DEFINITION 33 In international politics, a condition in which national economies become inextricably entwined in global economy, as political and business elites design strategies for continued growth and prosperity around access to foreign markets, labor, and capital. TERM 34 European Union [EU] DEFINITION 34 The successor to the Common Market or European Economic Community; the governing body that presides over the world's largest single economy. TERM 35 international law DEFINITION 35 The body of customs, treaties, and generally accepted rules that define the rights and obligations of nations when dealing with one another