Hydrology Terminology and Concepts, Quizzes of Engineering

Download Hydrology Terminology and Concepts and more Quizzes Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Water in Hydrologic Cycle DEFINITION 1 Always in motion and always in storageReservoirs: atmosphere, ocean, lakes, rivers, soils, glaciers, snowfields, and groundwater TERM 2 Movement DEFINITION 2 EvaporationCondensationPrecipDepositionRunoffInfiltrationSublimation TERM 3 Time Scales DEFINITION 3 Storms are quickgroundwater century to thousands of years TERM 4 Conservation DEFINITION 4 Amount in - Amount out = change in storageApplies at any scale TERM 5 How are drainage basins delineated? DEFINITION 5 Topography TERM 6 Evapotranspiration DEFINITION 6 ET = P - QDifficult to measure, extremely important TERM 7 Propagation of error DEFINITION 7 FlowHigh permeabilityFractured bedrockPrecipHigh reliefShort time periods95% of data within 1.96 SD TERM 8 Temporal Variability DEFINITION 8 time interval is important TERM 9 FDC DEFINITION 9 Flow duration curvesexceedance probabilitySteep curves indicate higher degree of variabilitySlope at low flows is determined by geologySlope at high flows is determined by climate TERM 10 Residence time DEFINITION 10 TR=S/mq (flow)Larger storage capacity = larger the residence time TERM 21 Capillary Rise DEFINITION 21 Hcr = 2 sigma cos (O) / gamma*r TERM 22 Soil Profile DEFINITION 22 O organicA surface horizonB subsoilC Bedrock TERM 23 Pressure Head DEFINITION 23 Negative for unsaturated soils-more negative in drier soilsSoil type-More negative in fine grained soils TERM 24 Infiltration DEFINITION 24 w(t) water inputf(t) infiltration ratef*(t) infiltration capacity-- changes with moisture contentH(t) depth of ponding TERM 25 No ponding DEFINITION 25 w(t) < f*(t)water input is less than capacity TERM 26 Saturation from above DEFINITION 26 H(t) > 0f(t) = f*(t) < w(t)infiltration capacity < water input TERM 27 Saturation from below DEFINITION 27 water table from belowinfiltration is less than input TERM 28 Factors affecting the infiltration rate DEFINITION 28 1. input2. K_sat3. K Variability4. Inclination/roughness5. Soil chem6. Water chem (temp)7. Organic surface8. Frost9. Rain compaction10. inwashing11. Humans12. Swell/dry TERM 29 Double Ring Infiltrometer DEFINITION 29 inner and outer ring filled with water flows vertically TERM 30 Tension Disc Infiltrometer DEFINITION 30 Tension is suction TERM 31 Richards equation DEFINITION 31 Darcy's Law -- Gravity and PressureConservation of Mass TERM 32 Drier soils DEFINITION 32 more suctionH = psi + z TERM 33 Infiltration Relationships DEFINITION 33 van GenuchtenBrooks-CoreySe^2b+3 *Ks TERM 34 Obtaining Data DEFINITION 34 Darcy EquationSlugPumpSoil Texture data TERM 35 Boundary Conditions DEFINITION 35 Top and Bottom TERM 46 Hyetograph DEFINITION 46 water input versus time (rain) TERM 47 Hydrograph DEFINITION 47 stream discharge over time TERM 48 Water shed DEFINITION 48 more area contributes as time increases TERM 49 Flood wave DEFINITION 49 depends on precip intensity, extent, and duration TERM 50 Hydrograph separation DEFINITION 50 different methods in separating baseflow from event flow TERM 51 Time of concentration DEFINITION 51 Time of remote-est water droplet to reach end of watershed TERM 52 Centroid of precip DEFINITION 52 1/2 of volume before, 1/2 of volume after TERM 53 T* DEFINITION 53 Watershed response timeLonger lag means watershed stores more water TERM 54 Separating flow DEFINITION 54 EMMAend member mixing analysis TERM 55 Hortonian overland flow DEFINITION 55 saturation from above