Geography Terminology and Concepts, Quizzes of Geography

Download Geography Terminology and Concepts and more Quizzes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Geography DEFINITION 1 comes from the greek word geographia which means writing the worldGeography is a field of science dedicated to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of the Earth. TERM 2 Regions DEFINITION 2 large areas of the world that share similar cultural, environmental, economic, or political characteristics TERM 3 place DEFINITION 3 a specific geographic setting with distinctive physical, scial, and cultural attributes TERM 4 globalization DEFINITION 4 increse in connectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political and cultural change TERM 5 systems DEFINITION 5 a set of elements linked together i that changes n one elements often result in changes in another TERM 6 interdependence DEFINITION 6 affect and being affected by others TERM 7 change DEFINITION 7 the worlds regions all go through change TERM 8 regionalization DEFINITION 8 the process that allows regions to form or change TERM 9 weather DEFINITION 9 current state of temperature and precipitation TERM 10 climate DEFINITION 10 typical conditions of the weather expected over a longer term average TERM 21 orographic precipitation DEFINITION 21 formation of a dry rain shadow region on the inland or lee side of the mountain where the now dry air sinks TERM 22 climate zones DEFINITION 22 The climate and ecology of different locations on the globe naturally separate into life zones, depending on elevation, location, and latitude. TERM 23 tropical wet climate DEFINITION 23 heavy rainfall and persistent high tempsnear equator no dry season TERM 24 arid climate DEFINITION 24 areas like deserts and grass lands. north and south of tropical zones. 28 to 30 degreesvery dry TERM 25 subtropical climate DEFINITION 25 southeast sides of continents, wet and humid throughout the year TERM 26 mediterranean climate DEFINITION 26 western sides of contingents at 30 to 45 degrees. warm but moderate temps due to equator and sea TERM 27 polar climate DEFINITION 27 extreme north and south and are cold TERM 28 climate change DEFINITION 28 pg 12 TERM 29 global warming DEFINITION 29 increase in temp and change in climate due to increasing levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases TERM 30 greenhouse gases DEFINITION 30 these gases are called greenhouse gases and are caused by burning fossil veils, cement production, ad deforestation. trap heat in atmosphere TERM 31 climate change indicators DEFINITION 31 refer to figure 1.11 TERM 32 plate tectonics DEFINITION 32 the theory that earths crust is divided into large solid plates that move relative to each other and cause mountain building a volcanic and earthquake activity when they separate or meet TERM 33 sea level rise DEFINITION 33 warming of water and glacial melt will increase sea level where many people live TERM 34 plate boundaries DEFINITION 34 divergant- pull apartcomvergent- collidetransform- slide TERM 35 pacific ring of fire DEFINITION 35 The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. TERM 46 cold war DEFINITION 46 period in whih struggles between the major global peor blocs, centered in larger part around the is and societ union took place through korea vietnam angola afric and nicaruagua TERM 47 post cold war DEFINITION 47 resulted in another radical reconfiguration of political and economic connections TERM 48 economic activity type DEFINITION 48 primary- natural resources like ag, mining, fishingsecondary- manufactuaring and processingtertiary-sale and exchange of goods and servicesquaternary - handling a processing knowledge and informationpage 27 TERM 49 GDP DEFINITION 49 gross domestic product-estimate of total value of all materials, foodstuffs, goods, and services produced by a country for a particular year TERM 50 GNI DEFINITION 50 Gross national income- includes net value of income from abroadincludes profits from overseas TERM 51 PPP DEFINITION 51 purchasing power parity- measures how much of a common market basket of goods and vertices each currency can purchase locally including ones not traded internationallyjust like GDP but adjust the values TERM 52 HDI DEFINITION 52 Human development index- based on measures of life expectancy, educational attainment, and personal income TERM 53 global north and south DEFINITION 53 highest levels of economic development are in the global north TERM 54 neoliberalism DEFINITION 54 presence of government subsidies, rules and interventions causes poverty TERM 55 development DEFINITION 55 improvement in economic well ebinga nd standard of living of people TERM 56 IMF DEFINITION 56 powerful international financial institution that provides emergency loans to countries in financial trouble TERM 57 Nationalism DEFINITION 57 the feeling of belonging to a nation as well as belief tat hat a nation has a natural right to determine its own affairs TERM 58 NAFTA DEFINITION 58 The North American Free Trade Agreement is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. TERM 59 united nations DEFINITION 59 aimed at facilitating cooperation in international law, security, economic development, human rights and world peace. head quarters in NYC TERM 60 NGOs DEFINITION 60 non governmental organizationA non-governmental organization is an organization that is neither a part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business. TERM 71 urbanization % DEFINITION 71 increased over time TERM 72 flood management DEFINITION 72 dams, flood control, and resettlementdrained marches, irrigation systems, lakes converted to reservoirs, kand levees raised TERM 73 hydraulic civilizatons DEFINITION 73 civilizations that thrive and survive and expand based on their capacity for controlling water TERM 74 terracing DEFINITION 74 carving out farmland in a slope TERM 75 green revolution DEFINITION 75 internation effort to introduce and encourage the cultivation of new varieties of new crops which produce more food but also higher industrial inputs TERM 76 asian brown cloud DEFINITION 76 The Indian Ocean brown cloud or Asian brown cloud is a layer of air pollution that recurrently covers parts of South Asia, namely the northern Indian Ocean, India, and Pakistan. TERM 77 silk road DEFINITION 77 The Silk Road, or Silk Route, is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. TERM 78 opium wars DEFINITION 78 chinese banned opium and destroyed a british ship with opium and eventually lost the war TERM 79 mao zedong DEFINITION 79 Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung () and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao (December 26, 1893September 9, 1976), was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he governed as Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His Marxist-Leninist theories, military strategies and political policies are collectively known as Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (often shortened to Maoism) or Mao Zedong (Tse-Tung) Thought.unified the country and controlled almost all of china TERM 80 great leap forward DEFINITION 80 The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1958 to 1961. The campaign was led by Mao Zedong and aimed to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a communist society through rapid industrialization and collectivization. TERM 81 state capitalism DEFINITION 81 market based economy with private ownership and investment where the state continue to own some firms, seek and obtain tech, and control value of currency TERM 82 asian tiger DEFINITION 82 used of rosuth korea and was used for taiwan and singapore.countries that would industrializecontradicts neoliberalism TERM 83 kim jong un DEFINITION 83 enigmatic leader and youngest head of state in the world. son of kim jong il TERM 84 tibet DEFINITION 84 cinese took over tibet and omitted cultural genocide TERM 85 dalai llama DEFINITION 85 toured around the world promoting tibetan buddhism