Test 1 | GEOG 341 - CARTOGRAPHY, Quizzes of Geography

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TERM 1 2 types of maps DEFINITION 1 thematic/statisticalgeneral-reference TERM 2 General reference maps (4) DEFINITION 2 used to communicate spatial informationidentifies locations, paths, and geographic featureslooks like the real worldExamples: topographic maps road maps TERM 3 Thematic/statistical maps (5) DEFINITION 3 used to identify spatial patterns of a theme or attributeshow one or more attributequantitative or qualitativechoropleth maps are most commonExamples: weather maps population maps crime maps TERM 4 How are thematic maps used (3) DEFINITION 4 to provide specific information about particular locationsto provide general information about spatial patternsto compare patterns on two or more maps TERM 5 What role does the cartographer have in deciding how and what the map communicates (4) DEFINITION 5 the cartographer is: interpreting the world deciding what data is appropriate deciding what message is communicated can selectively include or exclude information on the map TERM 6 Slocums 5 Basic Steps to communicating cartographic information DEFINITION 6 The planning stage: Consider the realworld distribution Determine the purpose of map and audience Collect appropriate data The map construction: Design and construct the map Testing: Determine whether users find it useful TERM 7 Why do we make maps DEFINITION 7 to create a map that serves the map user and a map that communicates to the audience efficiently and clearly TERM 8 How do we make good maps (5) DEFINITION 8 Meeting the needs of your audienceUsing the right dataCareful layout and designMatching map type to purpose / dataAppropriate symbolization TERM 9 What is the point of design DEFINITION 9 eloquent, efficient, informative, pleasing, well-structured, dissemination of geographic information TERM 10 5 steps in communicating geographic information DEFINITION 10 Imagine the real-world distribution of the phenomenonDetermine purpose and audienceCollect appropriate dataDesign and construct the mapDetermine whether the map is useful TERM 21 Models of geographic phenomena (4) DEFINITION 21 how things occur in space discrete- occurs at a distinct location, with space between objects continuous- defined everywhere, every location has a measurement how things change over space abrupt- distinct boundary where values change(electoral votes) smooth- nice, gradual change over space(elevation) TERM 22 4 levels of measurement DEFINITION 22 nominalordinalinterval (numeric data)ratio (numeric data) TERM 23 Nominal measurement (2) DEFINITION 23 involves grouping, but with no orderingExample: religion map TERM 24 Ordinal measurement (2) DEFINITION 24 involves categorization plus and ordering or ranking of the dataExample: likelihood of finding oil, low moderate, high TERM 25 Interval measurement (3) DEFINITION 25 ordering plus an indication of a numerical differencethere is no set 0Example: temperature in F or C TERM 26 Ratio measurement (4) DEFINITION 26 has a set 0 or ratios with multiple valuesmapped data expresses a ratio of % or # per 100,000Examples: money ($40 4 times more than $10) 10 students twice as many as 5 TERM 27 What are visual variables (2) DEFINITION 27 the traits that differentiate one graphic object from anothergrammer of our maps TERM 28 Who developed visual variables DEFINITION 28 Jacques Bertin TERM 29 Quantitative VV (6) DEFINITION 29 spacing- ordinal or highersize- interval, ratioperspective height- interval, ratiolightness- interval, ratiosaturation- ordinal, interval, ratiohue- good for all measurements TERM 30 Qualitative VV (3) DEFINITION 30 orientation- nominalshape- nominalarrangement- nominal(hue) TERM 31 Intellectual hierarchy DEFINITION 31 thinking about the most important parts of the map TERM 32 Visual hierarchy (2) DEFINITION 32 thinking about what people see firstgraphical representation of intellectual hierarchy TERM 33 Map elements (8) DEFINITION 33 Frame line and neat lineMapped areaInset mapsTitle and subtitleLegendData SourceScaleOrientation TERM 34 Frame and neat line (4) DEFINITION 34 frame line helps define the extent of the map neat line helps organize the content of the map necessarysimple, subtle TERM 35 Mapped area (6) DEFINITION 35 content of the mapmain communication method of the mapbase information- rivers, roadsthematic symbols- hueslanscape vs. portrait layoutnecessary TERM 46 2 cases of projection DEFINITION 46 tangent projection surface touches globe at a point (planar) or line (conic / cylindrical) secant projection surface intersects globe along one line (planar) or two lines (conic / cylindrical) TERM 47 Why does projection matter in cartography (2) DEFINITION 47 visualizationaesthetics TERM 48 Purpose of type (4) DEFINITION 48 establish hierarchies and classsimplify the complexity of labelsclarifies and identifies the themhelps set the tone of the map design TERM 49 How does type alter the look of the map DEFINITION 49 sets the tone, makes the map more legible, efficient, attractive TERM 50 Typography DEFINITION 50 The art or process of specifying, arranging, and designing type TERM 51 Basic characteristics of type (3) DEFINITION 51 fontsstylesize (4 pt or larger) TERM 52 Fonts (3) DEFINITION 52 Serif the finishing strokes on the end of letters Sans serif no finishing strokes display distinctive and decorative TERM 53 Cartographic standards for font (2) DEFINITION 53 serif physical features (lakes) sans-serif cultural features- city names, county names TERM 54 Cartographic standards for style DEFINITION 54 most short bits of text in title caseall caps for some larger areassentence case for large blocks of text TERM 55 Spacing (4) DEFINITION 55 kerningthe space between letterscan be negative or positivemakes text easier to read, goes along with shape TERM 56 Leading (2) DEFINITION 56 the spaces between lines of textused in crowded areas TERM 57 Callouts (2) DEFINITION 57 a combination of mask and leader linecan overshadow other elements TERM 58 Halos and masks (2) DEFINITION 58 used to decorate text or subtly improve contrast with backgroundhalos surrounds each letter mask box under text TERM 59 General guidelines for labels (4) DEFINITION 59 make them legibleclear, unambiguous association with featureshorizontal texttry to avoid overprinting TERM 60 Overprinting DEFINITION 60 block of type is placed on top of a map feature