Test 1 | NR 319 - Geospatial Applications in Natural Resources, Quizzes of Earth Sciences

Download Test 1 | NR 319 - Geospatial Applications in Natural Resources and more Quizzes Earth Sciences in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Geospatial Science DEFINITION 1 Deals with the structure manipulation, analysis and display of spatial data TERM 2 Spatial Data DEFINITION 2 Data which models attributes of spaceLike: Where is it? What is it? How big is it? TERM 3 4 aspects of geospatial science DEFINITION 3 Cartographic principlesGPSGISRemote Sensing TERM 4 Cartographic principles DEFINITION 4 Orientation to mapsScale and resolutionMap TypesProjectionsCoordinate SystemsCartographic design TERM 5 Topo maps have DEFINITION 5 A projection3 coordinate systemsScale infoDefined resolutions TERM 6 How to represent a sphere on a flat surface? DEFINITION 6 Projection TERM 7 How we measure and record location? DEFINITION 7 UTM, State Plane TERM 8 GPS Concepts DEFINITION 8 ComponentsSimple positioningError sourcesDifferential correction TERM 9 Geographic Information Systems DEFINITION 9 Explore the principles and use of geographic information. TERM 10 Data Formats and sources of GIS DEFINITION 10 CoveragesShape filesGeodatabasesRastersDigital elevation modelsDigital Line GraphsDigital raster graphicsDigital orthophoto quads TERM 21 Parallel DEFINITION 21 Intersection of earth and a plane that is perpendicular to the rotation axis TERM 22 The earth is commonly modeled using one of 3 shapes DEFINITION 22 SphereOblate ellipsoidGeoid TERM 23 Sphere DEFINITION 23 ConvienentMath of coordinates are easiernot accurate for most mapping TERM 24 Oblate ellipsoid DEFINITION 24 one spheroid typeEarth bulges at equator due to rotation and gravity TERM 25 Ellipsoid DEFINITION 25 Is an ellipse rotated in 3 dimensions about its shorter axisShortest axis goes from pole to pole TERM 26 The Geoid DEFINITION 26 A figure that adjusts the ellipsoid for local variations in gravity TERM 27 Datums DEFINITION 27 A mathematical model which estimates the shape of a spheroidIncludes a set of precise control pointsFlattening is not uniform around the earth, due to the influence of the continents. TERM 28 In the US the commonly used datums are? DEFINITION 28 NAD 27NAD83WGS84 TERM 29 5 types of distortion DEFINITION 29 DistanceDirectionShapeAreaAngles TERM 30 Projections attempt to? DEFINITION 30 Minimize distortion in one of 5 categories TERM 31 Map projections DEFINITION 31 AzimuthalCylindricalConic TERM 32 Azimuthal surfaces 3 light surfaces? DEFINITION 32 GnomicStereographicOrthographic TERM 33 Gnomic DEFINITION 33 Light Source = center of globeShortest distance between 2 points on the globe is a straight line on these mapsAviation maps TERM 34 Stereographic DEFINITION 34 Light source = point opposite where projection surface is tangent to globe.Conformal projectionsPreserves shape TERM 35 Orthographic DEFINITION 35 Light source = infinityPreserves true direction TERM 46 Statistical surfaces DEFINITION 46 Another way of displaying spatial dataWorks with any distribution that is: Continuous over an ares, ordinal, interval, or ratio. TERM 47 7 methods for setting class intervals DEFINITION 47 Equal intervalDefined intervalQuantileGeometric intervalStandard deviationManual TERM 48 Quantile DEFINITION 48 Arranges data from low to highEqual number or percent of observations in each class. TERM 49 Types of maps DEFINITION 49 Planimetric: Road maps, thematic maps, national parksTopographic:Orthographic: terrain corrected, typically photo maps. TERM 50 Advantages of Aerial photos DEFINITION 50 Multiple resolutionsPermanent historical recordExtent of coverage areaCost effectiveInaccessible areasStereoscopic coverage is readily available. TERM 51 The 7 principles of aerial photo interpretation DEFINITION 51 SizeShapeShadowTone/colorTexturePattern Site association