Download Term 1: Psychology and Intelligence Theories and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Educational Psychology DEFINITION 1 Definition: applied branch of psychology which uses principles from pure psychology branches Goal: to enhance both teaching and learning based on research findings and principles of psychology Common topics include: motivation, assessment, evaluation, special populations (gifted, special needs), pedagogy (lecture, group work), use of technology TERM 2 Intelligence Definition/Assessment DEFINITION 2 Definition: the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situationsBinet-Simon Test: concept of mental age to predict performanceStanford-Binet Test advocating education for all children (Binet) Eliminate reproduction of feeble-mindedness (Stanford) IQ = (mental age/chronological age) x 100Wechler Adult Intelligence Test verbal: arithmetic, reasoning, vocabulary performance: picture completion, arrangement, block design TERM 3 Intelligence Charles Spearman DEFINITION 3 Two-Factor Theory Single IQ score is test predictor (agrees with Terman) 'g' is the ability to perform a variety of tasks 's' is specific skills (vocab, math) TERM 4 Intelligence Louis Thurstone DEFINITION 4 Cluster of abilities seven different "primary mental abilities" 'g' factor is a good overall average Examples: verbal comprehension, numerical ability, reasoning skills TERM 5 Intelligence Howard Gardner DEFINITION 5 Multiple Intelligence Theory Examples: linguistic, musical, logical, athleticism, inter/intrapersonal, naturalistic TERM 6 Intelligence Robert Sternberg DEFINITION 6 Triarchic Theory of human intelligence consisting of three mental abilities; aka Theory of Successful Intelligence Analytical abilities: academic problem-solving, 'book smart' Creative abilities: generating novel ideas Practical abilities: applying knowledge to different context; 'street smart' Disagrees with Gardner calling these intelligence; believes they are abilities. Intelligence is a general quality TERM 7 Behaviorism Operant Conditioning Definition DEFINITION 7 Association between a voluntary behavior and a consequence Positive: something being given Negative: something being taken away Reward: increase the behavior Punishment: decrease the behavior TERM 8 Behaviorism Operant Conditioning Applied Behavioral Analysis DEFINITION 8 Premack principle: verbal praise rather than a tangible reward Praise & ignore: praise the good behavior and ignore the bad Extinction: remove advertent reinforcement Social isolation: remove the individual from the setting Reinforce incompatible behaviors: turn bad behavior into a good behavior by drawing attention to it Vicarious reinforcement/punishment: learning through observation TERM 9 Behaviorism Classical Conditioning DEFINITION 9 Association between a stimulus and involuntary responseBefore: Unconditioned stimulus gives an unconditioned responseDuring: Neutral stimulus plus unconditioned stimulus gives elicits an unconditioned responseAfter: a conditioned stimulus elicits a conditioned responseNS becomes CS and UR becomes CR TERM 10 Information Processing Theory Cognitivism DEFINITION 10 How information enters, is stored and retrievedLearning is a change in long-term memoryStimuli enters the sensory memory and through attention goes into the working memory. The central executive controls the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer. Encoding (MOVER) the information into long term memory which can either be declarative (episodic or conceptual memory) knowledge or procedural knowledge (skills and strategies).
