Download Geography 1125 Review: Themes of Geography, Resources, and Human-Environment Relations - P and more Study notes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! GEOG 1125 Review: Test #1 5 Themes of Geography: 1. Region- areas having uniform characteristics, how they form and change. 2. Location- absolute and relative location on earth. Specified by latitude and longitude. 3. Human-Earth Relationships- resource exploitation, hazard perception, environmental pollution and modification. 4. Place- tangible and intangible, living and nonliving characteristics that make each place unique. No two places on Earth are exactly alike. 5. Movement- communication, movement, circulation, migration, and diffusion across Earth’s surface. Global interdependence links all regions. Latitude & Longitude: Major Lines: Prime Meridian- 0o longitude International Date Line- 1800 longitude North & South Poles- 900 N & S Tropic of Cancer- 23.50 N Tropic of Capricorn- 23.50 S Arctic Circle- 66.50 N Antarctic Circle- 66.50 S Resources: Vital: necessary for sustaining life. Ex. food, water, air. Essential: deemed necessary for human modern life. Ex. energy (oil), farmland, trees, minerals- for building, clothes. Material or Tangible: can be quantified, measured. Supply may be limited. (oil, natural gas, coal, trees) Non-Material or Intangible: cannot be measured, touched, or felt. (love, beauty, happiness) Aesthetic Non-Renewable or Exhaustible: fixed amount. Renewed over millions of years. May not be completely exhausted but economically depleted. Perpetual: ex. solar energy, wind Renewable: ex. grass, trees, air, freshwater, soil. Can be depleted or degraded. Sustainable Yield- the highest rate with which a resource can be used without reducing its supply. Resource Scarcity: absolute- insufficient to meet present or future demand. relative- enough resource still available to meet demand, but its distribution is unbalanced. Ex. starving people. Resource/Environment Issues: Economic systems: effects of agricultural systems vs industrial systems, or capitalist vs socialist, ?? or ?? Use of resources, types and amounts, with each type of system, same or different Level and types of pollution from these activities Political systems: business friendly vs. environmentally friendly or a mixture of the two, and what ratio Favor exploitation of resources or conservation Cultural systems: strong feeling of being a part of nature or being above or separate from nature Definition of “Nature” 4 Earth Spheres: Atmosphere: a mixture of discrete gases with solid and liquid particles suspended in it. Constant gases: 3 gases make-up just under 100% of atmosphere. o Nitrogen ~78% o Oxygen ~21% o Argon ~.9% Variable gases: present in different amounts spatially and/or temporally, 4 known as greenhouse gases- speed up the natural process of interglacial warming o Carbon dioxide o Water vapor o Ozone (O3) o Methane Hydrosphere: Water (H2O) Covers 71% of earth by area 97.22% saltwater 77% of freshwater is in ice and glaciers, 22% is groundwater, 1% is in lakes, ponds, rivers & streams Lithosphere: uppermost portion of the mantle, plus the crust. Varies between 25 and 50 miles thick Topography or topographic relief- the vertical difference between the highest elevation and the lowest elevation Biosphere: the flora (plants), fauna (animals), & other living organisms Biodiversity or biological diversity- the variety of life forms, the ecological roles they perform and the genetic diversity they contain
