Terminology and Concepts in Science and Engineering: A Comprehensive Glossary, Quizzes of Engineering

Download Terminology and Concepts in Science and Engineering: A Comprehensive Glossary and more Quizzes Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Performance Evaluation (definition) DEFINITION 1 to make sure a system is functioning properly TERM 2 Process Control (definition, example) DEFINITION 2 used to maintain processes with specific operating conditions Ex: (thermostats in a boiler) TERM 3 Accounting (definition, example) DEFINITION 3 keeing a record of the use or flow of a specific quantity Ex: (water flow from a dam) TERM 4 Research (definition, example) DEFINITION 4 involves investigating scientific phenomena. Set up to support or confirm theoretical notions. Ex: (flow models of human heart) TERM 5 Design (definition) DEFINITION 5 involves testing new products and processes in order to verify their functionality TERM 6 Graph (definition, 3 types DEFINITION 6 a special visual representation of the relationship between two or more quantities. (an effective way to communicate data) Types: Linear - linear function Semilog - exponential function loglog - power function TERM 7 Measurement (definition) DEFINITION 7 act of using instruments to determine the numerical value of a physical quantity NOTE: No measurement can be taken with ultimate accuracy or precision and errors are an integral part of engineering measurement. TERM 8 Data Indentification and Association (3 steps) DEFINITION 8 1. Identify the data to be measured 2. Associate the quantities (Ex: velocity = distance * time) 3. Determine a meaningful relationship between the two quantities TERM 9 Accuracy (definition) DEFINITION 9 how close a measured value is to the true or correct value TERM 10 Precision (definition) DEFINITION 10 Precision refers to the repeatability of a measurement (how close successive measurements are from each other) TERM 21 Line Graph(definition) DEFINITION 21 Line Graph - consisting of one or more lines without data points (used to show relationships between continuous quantities generated by mathematical equations) TERM 22 Bar Graph (definition) DEFINITION 22 Bar Graph - used to show distributions of quantities for purposes of statistical analysis TERM 23 Pie Graph (definition) DEFINITION 23 Pie Graph - commonly used to show percentages or fractions of a whole in financial and business applications TERM 24 Polar Graph (definition) DEFINITION 24 Polar Graph - used to show how quantities vary with angle. TERM 25 Contour Graph (definition) DEFINITION 25 Contour Graph - shows how a quantity varies on a two dimensional surface TERM 26 3D Surface Graph (definition) DEFINITION 26 3D Surface Graph - shows how a quantity varies in three dimensional space TERM 27 List the most used graph for engineering purposes. List the second-most used graph for engineering purposes. DEFINITION 27 Most used: Scatter Graph 2nd most used: Line Graph TERM 28 General Graphin Procedure DEFINITION 28 1. Determine the independent and dependent variables 2. Determine range for both variables 3. Select graph paper and scale 4. Based on range values, chose location for the hori. and vert. axes 5. Calibrate and graduate axes. 6. Label axes. 7. Plot the data points - use appropriate symbols 8. Draw a curve through the points if desired. 9. Identify multiple curve with a legent 10. Add a graph title TERM 29 Can Semilog and Loglog functions be graphed on linear paper? DEFINITION 29 Yes - both power and exponential functions can be graphed on linear paper. TERM 30 Horizontal Axis (x-axis) is called the... DEFINITION 30 abscissa TERM 31 Vertical Axis (y-axis) is called the.. DEFINITION 31 ordinate TERM 32 Origin point? DEFINITION 32 (0,0) TERM 33 Independent Variable goes with abscissa or odrinate? DEFINITION 33 Independent Variable - (x-axis) - Abscissa TERM 34 Dependent Variable goes with abscissa or ordinate? DEFINITION 34 Dependednt Variable - (y-axis) - ordinate TERM 35 True or False: Most engineering use only quadrant 1for graphing. DEFINITION 35 True TERM 46 Data Points Theoretical (definition) DEFINITION 46 Theoretical data points are generated by a mathematical function and are represented by a continuous smooth curve without symbols TERM 47 Legend (definition) DEFINITION 47 Legend - differentiates between two or more data sets on the same graph TERM 48 Title (definition) DEFINITION 48 Title - a caption that concisely describes the graph TERM 49 Spreadsheet (definition) DEFINITION 49 Spreadsheet - consists of rows and columns, useful for graphing with computer software (Excel) TERM 50 Curve Fitting (definition) DEFINITION 50 Curve Fitting - means to draw a smoother line through the data points for the purpose of approximating a mathematical relationship or function This line rarely passes through all of the data points because of scatter (error) Make sure to have roughly the same number of data points above and below the best fit line. TERM 51 State the linear function DEFINITION 51 y = mx + b TERM 52 State the Power Function DEFINITION 52 y = (b) * x^m TERM 53 State the Exponential Function DEFINITION 53 y = (b) * e^(mx) TERM 54 Method of Selected Points Linear Function DEFINITION 54 y = mx + b TERM 55 Method of Selected Points DEFINITION 55 log y = (m)*log x + log b TERM 56 Method of Selected Points Exponential Function DEFINITION 56 ln y = (m)*ln x + ln b TERM 57 State the idea behind Least Squares Linear Regression DEFINITION 57 Least Squares Linear Regression - find a straight line such that the different between a data point and the corresponding point predicted by the line is minimized for all data points on the graph TERM 58 Coefficient of Determination DEFINITION 58 r^2 = "goodness of fit" Ranges from 0 - 1 High Values indicate better fits Lower values indicates poor fits TERM 59 Interpolation (definition) DEFINITION 59 Interpolation - a process used to find data points between know data points TERM 60 Extrapolation (definition) DEFINITION 60 Extrapolation - a process used to find data points beyond known data points NOTE: This is risky because of unknown behavior of the function. TERM 71 Rights Ethics Concpet Created By: ______________ List Characteristics DEFINITION 71 Rights Ethics - John Locke (rights to life, liberty, property) Fundamental rights to the individual that other people have a duty to respect Society is not always benefited. TERM 72 Personal Character (definition) DEFINITION 72 Personal Character - seek to enhance these character traits in ourselves and in others: Virtues vs. Vices Responsibility vs. Irresponsibility Honesty vs. Dishonest Competence vs. Disloyalty (From Virtue Ethics) TERM 73 State the Personal vs. Corporate Morality Question DEFINITION 73 Do you have a duty as an engineer to question a company's ethical decisions? (YES) 1. Generally rights and duty ethics should take precedence over utilitarian considerations 2. The rights of indviduals should receive relatively stronger weight than the need of society as a whole 3. Ethical standards are similar worldwide. TERM 74 NSPE (Stands For?) (Purpose) DEFINITION 74 National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) 1. 6 principles called Fundamental Canons 2. When a PE approves a document he or she is personally certifying that the work meets professional standards 3. Board of Ethical Review TERM 75 Fundamental Canon 1 (define) DEFINITION 75 Canon 1 - Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of teh public (MOST IMPORTANT CANON) --Notificiation of a problem must occur even if the client request that the data or any other engineering wok be held back. --The problem must be reported even if the paying client demands that the information be discarded. --Engineers must approve only documents to conform to known standards --Whistle Blowing - Report violations to the code of ethics. TERM 76 Fundamental Canon 2 (define) DEFINITION 76 Canon 2 - engineers shall perform services only in their area of competence --an engineer must approve only documents prepared under his/her supervision. TERM 77 Funadmental Canon 3 (define) DEFINITION 77 Canon 3 - engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner (must be honest) TERM 78 Fundamental Canon 4 (define) DEFINITION 78 Canon 4 - engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees. The engineer must discose any potential conflicts of interests to the client. TERM 79 Fundamental Canon 5 (define) DEFINITION 79 Canon 5 - Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts. TERM 80 Fundamental Canon 6 (define) DEFINITION 80 Canon 6 - Engineers shall conduct themsevles honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor, reputation, and usefullness of the profession. TERM 81 ABET (Acronym Stands For?) (Purpose?) (Characteristics?) DEFINITION 81 Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology Fundamental Principles - engineers can "uphold and advance the integrity, honor, and dignity of engineering profession by:" 1. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare 2. Being honest and impartial, and serving with fidelity the public, their employers, and clients. 3. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession. 4. Supporting the profession and technical societies of their disciplines. TERM 82 Compare Electricity Flow to the Water Tower Experiment DEFINITION 82 Pump - provides potentional energy for water Voltage is like water height Electric current flowing through the wires is like water flow (electric charge is flowing through) Motor running due to electric current is the same idea as a wheel rotating due to the water falling on it Battery is like the water pump forcing current to flow through the circuit TERM 83 Which Energy Is Greater? Chemica, Electrical, or Mechanical? DEFINITION 83 Chemical Energy > Electrical Energy > Mechanical Energy TERM 84 Torque (definition) DEFINITION 84 Torque - measure of a force's tendency to produce rotation *Easier to produce rotation at a farther distance from center of rotation. High Speeds --> Low Torque (due to ground friction) Low Speeds --> High Torque TERM 85 State the Ratios and Equations associated with Forces, Angular Momentum andTorque DEFINITION 85 T1 = F * r1 T2 = F * r2 F = Force (N) , r = radius Gear Ratio: w1 * w2 = r2 * r1 = T2 * T1 T = torque, w = angular momentum T1 * w1 = T2 * w2 Input Power = Output Power TERM 96 Judgement (definition) DEFINITION 96 Judgement - making significant decisions based on formal training and experience TERM 97 Discretion (definition) DEFINITION 97 Discretion - keeping information about customers, clients, and patients confidential. Also, the ability to make decisions autonomously. TERM 98 Properties of Code of Ethics DEFINITION 98 Code of Ethics --Provides a general FRAMEWORK for ethical judgement for a professional. --serves as a reference or starting point --commitment to ethical conduct --code expresses EXISTING principles in a coherent, comprehensive and accessible manner. -- defines roles and responsibilities of a professional. NOTE: Codes cannot cover all scenarios/dilemmas/problems. TERM 99 List some possible Code Objections DEFINITION 99 Code Objections --People are not aware of the code --People feel the need not to abide by the code --People never read the code TERM 100 Moral/Ethica Theoreys (Orginiations) (Definition) DEFINITION 100 Moral Theory - defines terms in uniform ways and links ideas and problems together in consistant ways. Derived from Western Cultural Tradition --(Middle East/Europe) --(Ancient Greek/Judiasm) TERM 101 Graph Axes should be labeled with what three things? DEFINITION 101 1. Quantity being plotted (Time, temperature, mass...etc.) 2. Symbol (t, T, m...etc.) 3. Units (degree C, kg, W...etc.) TERM 102 For the following phrase, which is the dependent variable? Measured filling time for various bucket sizes DEFINITION 102 Dependent Variable - filling time TERM 103 True or False A Code of Ethics is a Legal Document DEFINITION 103 FALSE! Code of Ethics are guidelines. TERM 104 In LabVIEW, the components of a block diagram belong to one of three classes of objects. These classes are: DEFINITION 104 Nodes, Terminals, and Wires TERM 105 What wil the following numbers be rounded to in LabVIEW? a) 6.3 b) 7.5 c) 8.9 DEFINITION 105 a) 6 b) 8 c)9 TERM 106 Describe "Breadboxes" DEFINITION 106 *Red line should be at the top when assembling the circuit. *Columns of 5 sockets above and below the "central channel" *4 horizontal set of sockets - "buses" - at the top and bottom ----(both the top and bottom bus are interconnected) TERM 107 What were the three stages in building the Model Robot? DEFINITION 107 Stage 1: Powering the Breadbox with a 9 Volt battery. --- Multimeter should read 9V +/- 1V. Stage 2: Deriving 5 volt supply from the 9 volt batery circuit. Stage 3: Implementing the motor drive circuit to control and protect the operation of robot motors. TERM 108 What purpose did the 7805 IC (integrated circuit) have? DEFINITION 108 The integrated circuit allowed us to reduce the voltage going through the breadbox from 9V to 5V. TERM 109 Describe the benefits of using a capacitor? DEFINITION 109 The capacitor can regulate the amount of electricity that goes through after the integrate circuit. It lets the voltage remain at 5V despite the disturbances in the input battery voltage and/or the output current demand from the robot motors. TERM 110 What could be accomplished using the motor drive circuit during the Robotics seminar? DEFINITION 110 The curcuit can interface the available 5 volt supply with the gearbox motors and also provide the necessary protection for the motors