Term 1: Pivotal Figures, Acts, and Movements in European History, Quizzes of World History

Download Term 1: Pivotal Figures, Acts, and Movements in European History and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 James Watt DEFINITION 1 1700s -was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world TERM 2 Enclosure Acts DEFINITION 2 Hundreds of acts passed by Parliament in the late 1700s and early 1800s Cost covered by those who participate Favors the wealthy- can cover those costs plus court disputes that might arise. Results. End of the notion of common land Consolidation of farmland by a few Fencing in of lands- mark borders Small farmers- now tenants or in turnpike trusts. TERM 3 putting out system DEFINITION 3 System of early manufacturing in which families/household responsible for one step of the process. Forms a continuous chain. No regulation TERM 4 The Haywain DEFINITION 4 painting is based on a site in Suffolk, near Flatford on the River Stour. The hay wain, a type of horse-drawn cart, stands in the water in the foreground. TERM 5 John Keats DEFINITION 5 1795-1821)- Ode to A Grecian Urn was an English Romantic poet. He was one of the main figures of the second generation of Romantic poets TERM 6 John Constable DEFINITION 6 - 1800s An emphasis on a pre-Industrial time or a place not influenced by changes of industrialism Nostalgia for the past is depicted Unspoiled nature or wilderness is depicted. TERM 7 Mary Shelley DEFINITION 7 - Mary Shelley(1797-1851). Frankenstein: Or the Modern Prometheus. Uses the story of Victor Frankenstein and his to illustrate the dangerous consequences of change. TERM 8 Chartism DEFINITION 8 1832 attempt by the working/industrial class to get in on the action. Want 1) 21 voting age for all men, 2)Burroughs/districts equal in size, 3) A Parliament that is elected every year. TERM 9 William Gladstone DEFINITION 9 British Prime Minister (1809-1898 Supporter of liberal causes. Champion of laissez faire economics (free trade/competition) Introduces examinations as part of civil service process. Establishment of system of public elementary schools. TERM 10 rotten burroughs DEFINITION 10 1800s districts with lots of representatives but very few voters or very few representatives but lots of voters TERM 21 White Mans Burden DEFINITION 21 Coined by Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) Used by imperialists to justify it. Will try to help people in these areas (religion, education, civilization) People seen as childlike, wild, and savage. TERM 22 Caudillos- DEFINITION 22 military strongman], type of South American political leader that arose with the 19th-century wars of independence. The first caudillos were often generals who, leading private armies, used their military might to achieve power in the newly independent states. TERM 23 self-strengthening DEFINITION 23 Economic modernization (see development of some industry. Failure due to corruption, govt. monopolies (no initiative by private sector), and conservative views of people who make money. Military modernization. Import and develop weapons. To costly. Cut corners. TERM 24 Schlieffen Plan DEFINITION 24 was created by General Count Alfred von Schlieffen in December 1905. a designated attack on France once Russia, in response to international tension, had started to mobilise her forces near the German border.Plan led to Britain declaring war on Germany on August 4th, 1914. TERM 25 war guilt clause DEFINITION 25 - the Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany her allies TERM 26 The Hundred Days DEFINITION 26 June-Sept 1891. (Guang Xu) Last attempt at reform within govt. Institutional and Ideological change Modernize exam system Eliminate sinecures (job with no work but a salary Modern education system (math/science Constitutional Monarchy Capitalism Industrialism