Test 2 | KIN 2500 - HUMAN ANATOMY, Quizzes of Physiology

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TERM 1 Functions of the Osseous Tissue DEFINITION 1 Protect Structure Lever System Mineral and Fat Storage Hematopoiesis (Hemopoiesis) TERM 2 skull protects the brain DEFINITION 2 protect TERM 3 look the way we do because of bones DEFINITION 3 structure TERM 4 muscles and bones create a: DEFINITION 4 lever system TERM 5 blood cell formation: red marrow is where blood cell formation take places DEFINITION 5 Hematopoiesis (Hemopoiesis) TERM 6 Characteristics of Osseous Tissue DEFINITION 6 Inorganic and organic elements make it unique Highly resistant to tensile and compressive forces TERM 7 Inorganic elements of osseous tissue DEFINITION 7 calcium salts TERM 8 organic elements of osseous tissue DEFINITION 8 osteoid TERM 9 Tensile strength = DEFINITION 9 2500-3500 kg/cm^2 (17 tons/sq in, equal to iron) TERM 10 compressive strength in: DEFINITION 10 articular regions, male adult - 270 kg/step (walking) TERM 21 both a proximal and distal one one either side of the diaphysis; the epiphysial growth plate is found on it (where long bone grows in length) DEFINITION 21 Metaphysis TERM 22 extreme ends of the bone; articular cartilage covers these ends (only area of bone that contains cartilage); red bone marrow found here DEFINITION 22 Distal/proximal Epiphysis TERM 23 contains yellow bone marrow, inside hollow part of diaphysis; mineral storage DEFINITION 23 Medullary cavity (yellow cavity) TERM 24 covers the bone everywhere except where there is articular cartilage DEFINITION 24 periosteum TERM 25 Periosteum has two layers: DEFINITION 25 Outer fibrous layer Osteogenic layer (inner) TERM 26 most superficial and dense; tendons and ligaments attach here (periosteum to periosteum); contains Sharpey's fibers DEFINITION 26 Outer fibrous layer TERM 27 Run through the inner to the outer and attach the bone underneath, periosteum is attached to the bone through these fibers; bundles of collagen DEFINITION 27 Sharpey's fibers TERM 28 Sharpey's fibers pass through it; part of the periosteum that deals with bone grown and repair; vascular; periosteum carries vessels that go into the bone DEFINITION 28 Osteogenic layer (inner) TERM 29 go into the periosteum and superficial layer of compact bone around the diaphysis DEFINITION 29 Periosteal arteries TERM 30 specifically goes in and feeds spongy bone and to the red bone DEFINITION 30 Nutrient artery TERM 31 Primary function of the nutrient artery DEFINITION 31 supply medullary cavity and compact bone with its blood supply TERM 32 deep to the periosteum around the epiphysis and metaphysis DEFINITION 32 spongy bone TERM 33 Hematopoiesis takes place here; found in the proximal and distal epiphysis DEFINITION 33 red bone marrow TERM 34 found within compact bone in the medullary cavity: filled with fat, minerals, blood vessels; no red marrow DEFINITION 34 yellow marrow TERM 35 inner layer around the medullary cavity; contains blasts, progenitor, and clasts cells: different from the periosteum because it contains clasts cells DEFINITION 35 Endosteum TERM 46 act as intersections between the periosteum and the central canal DEFINITION 46 perforating canals TERM 47 get larger as you move away from the central canal; rings that surround the central canal; osteoid being secreted here (actual bone material) DEFINITION 47 Concentric lamellae (CL) TERM 48 found in the concentric lamellae; small canals that branch away from the central canal DEFINITION 48 Canaliculi TERM 49 found in the concentric lamellae; space in which canaliculi are found DEFINITION 49 Lacuna TERM 50 found in the lacuna; sends out plasma membrane projections through the canaliculi to the central canal to get nutrients DEFINITION 50 Osteocytes TERM 51 lies by any 2 full lamellae; simply fills in the gaps so that there are no gaps; have canaliculi, lacuna, and osteocytes - no concentric lamellae or central canal DEFINITION 51 Interstitial lamellae TERM 52 immediately deep to the inner osteogenic layer; around the circumference of the bone; same components as interstitial; encircles the entire diaphysis DEFINITION 52 Circumferential lamellae TERM 53 Purpose of the circumferential lamellae DEFINITION 53 to strengthen and support diaphysis, twisting forces TERM 54 not nearly as complex or as organized as compact bone; no osteons; withstands compressive forces; organizing structure is trabeculae; consists of interstitial lamellae DEFINITION 54 Spongy bone TERM 55 little pointy extensions; space in between is the red marrow (hematopoiesis) DEFINITION 55 trabeculae TERM 56 2 different Ossification processes DEFINITION 56 Intramembranous (fibrous membrane model) Endochondral (cartilage model) TERM 57 transforms a fibrous connective tissue model into bone DEFINITION 57 Intramembranous TERM 58 mesenchymal cells move into this region and differentiate into osteoblasts DEFINITION 58 development of the ossification center TERM 59 osteoblasts secrete osteoid, and calcium salts are collected, together create newly calcified bone matrix; other osteoblasts arrange themselves in what will eventually become the periosteum DEFINITION 59 calcification TERM 60 now called trabeculae and begins to take shape; pretty well developed bone DEFINITION 60 formation of trabeculae