Psychology Terms: Consciousness, Sleep Stages, Learning Theories, and Motivation, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Psychology Terms: Consciousness, Sleep Stages, Learning Theories, and Motivation and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Consciousness DEFINITION 1 Awareness of mental processes such as perception,thinking and remembering TERM 2 Cocktail Party Phenomenon DEFINITION 2 Ability to split attention between foreground conversation and a background one, and even remember aspects of the background conversation you're not attending to TERM 3 Id DEFINITION 3 The inborn part of the unconscious mind that uses the primary processes to satisfy its needs and that acts according to the Pleasure Principle TERM 4 Pleasure Principle DEFINITION 4 attempt to seek immediate pleasure TERM 5 Ego DEFINITION 5 Part of the mind that uses the reality principle to satisfy the ID. Uses morals to manage the id, tries to get what you want while working with reality. TERM 6 Super Ego DEFINITION 6 Part of the mind that opposes the desires of the ID by enforcing moral restrictions and by striving to attain perfection. TERM 7 Sublimation DEFINITION 7 Replacing a socially unacceptable want or activity with an acceptable one TERM 8 Conscious mind DEFINITION 8 the portion of the mind of which one is presently aware TERM 9 Preconscious mind DEFINITION 9 portion of mind containing info that is not presently conscious but can be easily brought to consciousness (If asked a question) TERM 10 Unconscious Mind DEFINITION 10 Part of the mid which we can never be directly aware of. Inaccessinle to consciousness because they have been repressed. The Majority of the mind TERM 21 Hypnotic Analgesia DEFINITION 21 When told to do so, they can loose feeling in some area of the body. This has lead to hypnosis in surgery, dentistry, and childbirth TERM 22 Meditation DEFINITION 22 Several methods of focusing concentration away from thoughts and feeling and generating a sense of relaxation TERM 23 Psychotrophic Drugs DEFINITION 23 Stimulate a reward pathway in the brain.The Mesolimbic PathwayThe middle pathwayDopamine involved TERM 24 LSD DEFINITION 24 Hallucinogen produced in a lab. Not considered addictive. Works on pathways for the NT serotonin. Mai effects: euphoria, sense of well being, perceptional distortion. Long term repeated use can lead to flash backs, pyschosis TERM 25 Hydrocodone DEFINITION 25 Perhaps the most physically addictive prescription drug. Works on the endorphin pathways.Can be addicted within 1- 4 weeks TERM 26 Encoding DEFINITION 26 Getting info into the mind when it is first learned TERM 27 Storage DEFINITION 27 Memories put into long-term memory as we repeat and elaborate on it. Relatively permanent once its there. TERM 28 Retrieval DEFINITION 28 memory is recalled behavioral response is performed TERM 29 Gary Wells DEFINITION 29 mistakes were that we are prone to underestimate the likelihood that the perpetrator is not in the mug books and reinforcement alters memory and confidence TERM 30 Classical Conditioning DEFINITION 30 a form of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus is followed by a stimulus that solicits an unconditioned response TERM 31 Extinction DEFINITION 31 process of unlearning a learned response because of the removal of the original source of learning.Ex. If Pavlov's dogs were to stop receiving meat powder at the metronome, the dog would eventually stop salivating at the sound of the metronome TERM 32 Stimulus Generalization DEFINITION 32 Tendency for similar stimuli to elicit the same response. The more similar the two stimuli are, the more likely the individual is to respond to them as if they were the same stimulus TERM 33 Stimulus Discrimination DEFINITION 33 Tendency for responses to occur more often in the presence of one stimulus than another. We discriminate between appropriate and inappropriate occasions for a response TERM 34 Learned taste aversion DEFINITION 34 If I ate a hot dog and threw up, I may not ever be able to eat or look at a hot dog again. TERM 35 Operant Conditioning DEFINITION 35 Learning in which the consequences of behavior lead to changes in the probability of its occurance TERM 46 Interval Schedule DEFINITION 46 How much time has passed determines when the reinforcement is given TERM 47 Punishment by Removal DEFINITION 47 Ellen has a temper tantrum when asked to clean her room. Alice stops asking Ellen to clean her room. The frequency of the tantrums increase. Negative reinforcement strengthens the response because it results in something negative being removed or not occuring TERM 48 Avoidance Conditioning DEFINITION 48 The behavior has the consequence of causing something negative NOT TO HAPPEN when it otherwise would have happenedEx. Walking a new way to school to avoid the scary pit bull. Avoiding something negative (pit bull) TERM 49 Escape Conditioning DEFINITION 49 The behavior causes the negative event to stopEx. Boy acts pitiful and says no one loves him when sent to his room so parents let him out early. His behavior caused the negative even (going to his room) to stop TERM 50 Achievement Motivation DEFINITION 50 The psychological need in humans for success TERM 51 Mastery Goals DEFINITION 51 People motivated to learn interesting and important info. Enjoy Challenging courses if they help them master new info. Are disappointed in courses where they do well but earn very little TERM 52 Performance Approach Goals DEFINITION 52 People motivated to work hard to get a better grade than the other students do to gain respect TERM 53 Performance Avoidance Goals DEFINITION 53 Motivated to work hard to avoid getting bad grades and look Approach vs. avoidance goals: work to gain or work to avoiding unintelligent to others. TERM 54 Intrinsic Motivation DEFINITION 54 Human motives stimulated by THE INHERENT NATURE OF THE ACTIVITY or its natural consequences.Naturally rewarding TERM 55 Extrinsic Motivation DEFINITION 55 Human motives activated by EXTRENAL REWARDSEx. A child who hates doing math but is rewarded every correct answer or someone who works hard to be a good employee because he wants to be admired by others TERM 56 Maslow's Hierarchy of needs DEFINITION 56 the concept the more BASIC NEEDS MUST BE MET BEFORE HIGHER-LEVEL MOTIVES BECOME ALERT. Higher needs cannot be met if lower needs aren't met TERM 57 Self Transcendary DEFINITION 57 Beyond yourself. Helping and reaching out to others. But many times this comes before others TERM 58 James-Lang Theory DEFINITION 58 The theory that conscious emotional experiences are caused by feedback to the cerebral cortex from psychological behaviors and reactionsBehavior before emotion. How we talk and walk influence our emotions TERM 59 Catharis DEFINITION 59 The process of releasing instinctual energy. Like playing a sport to release aggression or playing a violent video game TERM 60 Frustration-Aggression Theory DEFINITION 60 The theory that aggression is a natural reaction to the frustration of important motivesFrustration leads to aggression. (Goals are thwarted) not getting what they want