Test 2 | PATH 3010 - Fungi: Friends and Foes, Quizzes of Plant Taxonomy and Evolution

Download Test 2 | PATH 3010 - Fungi: Friends and Foes and more Quizzes Plant Taxonomy and Evolution in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 truffles DEFINITION 1 most famous but very expensive.Very popular in Europe.Ascomycota, ectomycorrhizal, mutualistic relationship with tree roots (form mantle around the roots)mature spores released when fruiting body is broken open by weathering or animals.dogs used to find TERM 2 Ascomycota reproduction DEFINITION 2 Mature spores (formed in brown interior tissues) are released when fruiting body is broken. TERM 3 Morels DEFINITION 3 cup shaped ascos that are produced in the spring which is uncommon. delicious but should not be eaten raw or with alcohol. have "sponge caps"obtain nutrients from woody substrate, usually found in moist woody areasthick stalkascocarp is difficult to grow in a lab TERM 4 How do asci fire their spores? DEFINITION 4 glycogen chains break and create an osmotic pressure that builds until the spores are fired at a weak point TERM 5 How do you get 8 ascos? DEFINITION 5 one series of meiosis and one series of mitotic divison TERM 6 Chanterelles DEFINITION 6 Basidios that can be mycorrhizal or saprotrophic.Get nutrients from woody substrates.Ridges instead of thin gills that run down the stalk TERM 7 Oyster Mushroom DEFINITION 7 white, tasty, clustered on stumps.Doesn't have a stipe, named after its shell-like body TERM 8 Shaggy Mane DEFINITION 8 Grey cap with shaggy scales.Edible most of the time but can be poisonous if eaten with alcoholfound on roadsides, lawns, urban areas TERM 9 Chicken of the Woods DEFINITION 9 A bracket fungus (no stem)polyspore (pores instead of gills)woodrotterolder=less digestible TERM 10 Bakers yeast DEFINITION 10 Can be diploid and haploid but spends most of its time in the diploid stage TERM 21 Meixner Test DEFINITION 21 allows detection of amatoxinsput HCL on crushed stipe and if it turns blue there is amanitin in it TERM 22 Alpha-Amanitin DEFINITION 22 toxin that blocks translocation of RNA polymerase II which affects the most rapidly growing tissues and cell reproduction & metabolismThere is a 6-48 hr latent period then suddenly you have seizures, pain, vomiting, liver/kidney failure, etcRecovery very rare-silybin may be an antidoteold treatments include Haemoperfusion and Bastien Treatment TERM 23 Group V DEFINITION 23 Muscarinesymptoms last between 30min-2hrs. slow heart rate and low blood pressurePSL: persperation, salivation, lachrymationused for hallucinogenic and religious purposes (amanita muscaria)-purposeful poisoning TERM 24 Group VI DEFINITION 24 Ibotenic Acid-Muscimol PoisoningAmanita Muscaria and other PSL causing muscarine has this toxinibotenic acid is converted to muscimol.Turns off parts of the brain and lasts up to 24 hoursUnstructured hallucinationsexcreted in the urinedried mushrooms are more potentmuscimol 5-10 times more active than ibotenic acid TERM 25 Group VII DEFINITION 25 psilocybinrecreational drug use-purplebrown spore printprevents uptake of serotonin which creates hallucinationsmost commonly cultivated magic mushroom TERM 26 Group VIII DEFINITION 26 Gastro-Intestinal Poisoning (Largest group)symptoms for 30- 90 min.easy recovery & wont kill you TERM 27 spore organelles DEFINITION 27 nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes TERM 28 passive spore dispersal DEFINITION 28 wind, water, and animal dispersal TERM 29 Mushrooms that disperse spores primarily via animals DEFINITION 29 truffles & stinkhorns TERM 30 active spore dispersal DEFINITION 30 bursting cell, rounding off, basidiospore discharge TERM 31 bursting cell DEFINITION 31 one of the main types-aerial dispersalmature spores absorb water which causes pressure inside the ascus to build. When this pressure is high enough, the spores and the cytoplasm are released explosively at the weak point at tipLarger spores/clumps of spores are shot furtheramount of spores dispersed depends on humidityEx: pilobulus & phyllactinia cleistothecia (sticky substance on leaves) TERM 32 Rounding off DEFINITION 32 cannnonball fungusrapid motion that occurs when a force keeping a deformed surface under stress is suddenly released after a rapid change in center of gravityPopping soundEx. Sphaerobolusvery similar to bursting cell TERM 33 misconceptions about fungi DEFINITION 33 1) there is a foolproof test for distinguishing edible from poisonous2) most mushrooms are poisonous3) There are a large number of people who die from mushrooms every year4) poisonous mushrooms taste bad5) you can be poisoned by touching mushrooms6)experts have died from collecting the wrong mushrooms7) species that are edible are always safe to eat TERM 34 identification of fungi DEFINITION 34 dichotomous key"layperson"=size, shape, & color of cap, nature of stalk, presence/absence of ring or volva, details of gills/spores (COLOR)use of technical or scientific keys TERM 35 amanitin poisoning treatment DEFINITION 35 removal of toxin by emesishaemodialysishaemoperfusion (circulating blood over activated charcoal)Bastien Treatment=twice daily injection of 1g vitamin C, penicillin therapy, 2 capsules of nifuroxazide 3 times a day TERM 46 problems with growth of agaricus DEFINITION 46 1) bad odors associated with composting2) disease problems (trichoderma, viruses, nematodes)3) disposal of spent compost4) competition from foreign growers TERM 47 Lentinula edodes DEFINITION 47 Shiitake mushroom. indigenous to Japangood taste & nutritional valuetrue saprobe that grows on dead trees/stumps TERM 48 Agaricus blazei DEFINITION 48 has an almond taste, can accumulate heavy toxic metalscontains agarithe a carcinogen. also in portogella mushroom so dont eat raw TERM 49 primary functions of S. Cerevisiae DEFINITION 49 to make ethanol...used in beerto make CO2...used in bread TERM 50 2 types of cheese that involve fungi DEFINITION 50 blue cheesesbrie & camembert type aged soft cheeses TERM 51 penicilium roqueforti DEFINITION 51 the fungus that generates roquefort cheese TERM 52 roquefort production DEFINITION 52 exclusively uses sheeps milk (can only give one quart a day for six months)made in 25 caves near mountainside in roquefort.during those 6 months, the entire population of the town is involved in cheese making TERM 53 mold required to make blue cheeses DEFINITION 53 P. roquefortiuse different kinds of milk TERM 54 mold required to make brie & camembert DEFINITION 54 Penicillium camemberti