Term 1: Social Disorganization and Crime Theory Terms, Quizzes of Criminology

Download Term 1: Social Disorganization and Crime Theory Terms and more Quizzes Criminology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Social disorganization DEFINITION 1 primarily concerned with the issue of social control: the ability of a neighborhood to regulate itself and to regulate the behavior of community residents and visitors realize common goals including a crime-free environment TERM 2 Concentric Circle DEFINITION 2 Park- divides a city into 5 zones. zone 2 is used to show why crimes are committed TERM 3 Private order DEFINITION 3 behavior control within a community TERM 4 public order DEFINITION 4 behavior controlled through external relationships TERM 5 parochial system DEFINITION 5 social control that utilizes outside institutions and networks TERM 6 broken windows theory DEFINITION 6 "broken windows" are a characteristic of a social disorganized community and become a breeding ground for crime TERM 7 Fashion DEFINITION 7 characteristic of imitation that takes place where contact is close and frequent TERM 8 Tarde's Imitation Theory DEFINITION 8 process of acquiring criminal as well as noncriminal behaviorinferior imitates superior, sometimes through crime TERM 9 custom DEFINITION 9 refers to a phenomenon that occurs in pales where contact is less frequent and change occurs frequently TERM 10 law of insertion DEFINITION 10 fashions can be substituted for anotherwhen this happens, there is a decline in the older method and an increase in the newer method TERM 21 Samson and Laub's Cumulative Disadvantages DEFINITION 21 those who are labeled delinquent find that the event is transitional one in their lives andthatfewerillegitimateopportunistieswill available for them in the future TERM 22 white-collar DEFINITION 22 committed by persons in the course of his or her occupation TERM 23 corporate crime DEFINITION 23 a form of white-collar but it involves individuals or small groups acting within their professional or occupational capacity TERM 24 Clinard DEFINITION 24 crimes for the company, but also for personal interest like price fixing TERM 25 Strict liability DEFINITION 25 the crime is wrong regardless of intent TERM 26 vicarious liability DEFINITION 26 apersonmay be liable for the act of another TERM 27 enterprise liability DEFINITION 27 corporate officials can be liable for the acts of their employees TERM 28 conspiracy DEFINITION 28 an agreement between two or more persons to commit an unlawful act or to achieve by unlawful means an act that was not itself unlawful TERM 29 bribery DEFINITION 29 influencing a public official through gifts TERM 30 graft DEFINITION 30 bribery for federal defense program TERM 31 extortion DEFINITION 31 Extortion is a criminal offence of unlawfully obtaining money, property, or services from a person, entity, or institution, through coercion.usually includes threats or instilling fear TERM 32 conversion DEFINITION 32 the process of using the property or goods of another for one's one use and without permission TERM 33 securities DEFINITION 33 anything that represents a share in a company TERM 34 Sarbanes-oxley act DEFINITION 34 an employee who is fired for reporting financial fraud may seek protection TERM 35 products liability and crim DEFINITION 35 Grimshaw v. Fordpurposefully did not correct a potential hazard in order to save money