Anatomy and Function of Muscles: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Biology

Download Anatomy and Function of Muscles: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 The functional unit of muscle contraction is called the _______? DEFINITION 1 Sarcomere TERM 2 The length of which band decreases as the muscle contracts? DEFINITION 2 The I-Band TERM 3 The arrangement of the thick and thin myofilaments forms light and dark bands along the myofibril. The length of the thick filam DEFINITION 3 The A-Band TERM 4 Myofibril DEFINITION 4 Myofibrils (obsolete term: sarcostyles) are cylindrical organelles. The organelle that is a bundle of contractile elements TERM 5 Epimysium DEFINITION 5 Surrounds entire muscle TERM 6 Endomysium DEFINITION 6 Surrounds each muscle fiber TERM 7 Perimysium DEFINITION 7 Surrounds each muscle bundle (fascicle) TERM 8 Deep Fascia DEFINITION 8 Binds muscles into functional groups TERM 9 Sarcolemma DEFINITION 9 Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fiber TERM 10 Sarcoplasm DEFINITION 10 Cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber TERM 21 Twitch DEFINITION 21 Type of contraction represented by a single stimulus/contraction/relaxation sequence TERM 22 Incomplete tetanus DEFINITION 22 A muscle producing peak tensions with visible relaxation during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation TERM 23 Complete tetanus DEFINITION 23 A muscle that is simulated so frequently that the relaxation phase is completely eliminated TERM 24 Wave summation DEFINITION 24 When a muscle is stimulated for several seconds with a constant stimulus, the amount of tensions gradually increases to a maximum TERM 25 Activities best suited for slow oxidative fibers DEFINITION 25 Endurance-type activities TERM 26 Activities best suited for fast oxidative fibers DEFINITION 26 400 M or 800 M sprint TERM 27 Activities best suited for fast glycolytic fibers DEFINITION 27 Short=term intense movements TERM 28 Skeletal muscle fibers DEFINITION 28 Single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with striations TERM 29 Cardiac Muscle Cells DEFINITION 29 Branching chains of cells' uni- or binucleate striations; intercalated discs TERM 30 Smooth Muscle Fibers DEFINITION 30 Single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations TERM 31 Excitability DEFINITION 31 Ability to receive and respond to a stimulus TERM 32 Contractility DEFINITION 32 Ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated TERM 33 Extensibility DEFINITION 33 Ability to be stretched or extended TERM 34 Elasticity DEFINITION 34 Ability of a muscle to resume its resting length after being stretched TERM 35 Isotonic Contraction DEFINITION 35 Contraction of muscle during which the muscle changes in length and the tension remains constant through most of the contractile period TERM 46 Fast oxidative fibers DEFINITION 46 Type of muscle fibers that contract quickly and rely on aerobic respiration for ATP TERM 47 Slow oxidative fibers DEFINITION 47 Type of muscle fibers that are most resistant to fatigue TERM 48 Fast glycolytic fibers DEFINITION 48 Type of fibers that have few mitochondria TERM 49 Cramp DEFINITION 49 Sustained spasm, or tetanic contraction TERM 50 Fibromyositis DEFINITION 50 Inflammation of a muscle, its connective tissue coverings and tendons, and capsules of nearby joints TERM 51 Myalgia DEFINITION 51 Muscle pain resulting from any muscle disorder TERM 52 Strain DEFINITION 52 Excessive stretching and possible tearing of a muscle cause by muscle overuse or abuse TERM 53 Latent Period DEFINITION 53 The time between the stimulus or the electrical event and the mechanical event of contraction TERM 54 Contraction period DEFINITION 54 The time during which the muscle is shortening TERM 55 Relaxation period DEFINITION 55 The time during which the muscle is returning to its original length TERM 56 Refractory period DEFINITION 56 The very brief time after one stimulus during which the muscle is unresponsive to a second stimulus TERM 57 Skeletal muscle DEFINITION 57 Striated, voluntary, and attached to the skeleton TERM 58 Smooth muscle DEFINITION 58 Non-striated, involuntary, found on the wall of hollow organs and tracts TERM 59 Cardiac muscle DEFINITION 59 Striated, involuntary, found in the heart TERM 60 Action potential DEFINITION 60 Propagation of an electrical current along the sarcolemma TERM 71 Propagation of the action potential DEFINITION 71 Increased positive charge inside sarcolemma changes permeability of adjacent areas, opening voltage-regulated NA+ channels TERM 72 Repolarization DEFINITION 72 Change in sarcolemma after the wave of depolarization; Na+ channels close and K+ channels open, allowing K+ to create a positive charge outside the membrane TERM 73 Producing movement DEFINITION 73 Pulling on something to change its position TERM 74 Maintaining Posture DEFINITION 74 Development of tension to prevent movement, as in keeping the vertebral column upright TERM 75 Stabilizing joints DEFINITION 75 Attaching to bones and keeping them in close proximity to one another TERM 76 Stabilizing joints DEFINITION 76 Attaching to bones and keeping them in close proximity to one another TERM 77 Generation of heat DEFINITION 77 Release of energy during metabolism TERM 78 Myosin DEFINITION 78 Changes shape during the contraction cycle TERM 79 Actin DEFINITION 79 Slides toward the M line during a contraction TERM 80 Tropomyosin DEFINITION 80 Covers the binding site TERM 81 Troponin DEFINITION 81 Binds Ca2+ and starts the contraction cycle