Understanding the Composition and Functions of Blood: A Detailed Analysis, Quizzes of Physiology

Download Understanding the Composition and Functions of Blood: A Detailed Analysis and more Quizzes Physiology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Only fluid tissue in the body; connective tissue DEFINITION 1 Blood TERM 2 "Formed Elements" DEFINITION 2 Living Blood Cells: Erythrocytes (RBCs), Leukocytes (WBCs), and Platelets RBCs LACK NUCLEUS WBCs: Monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes (only true cells) Platelets: fragments of cells TERM 3 Nonliving Fluid Matrix DEFINITION 3 Plasma- has fibers; soluble TERM 4 Clot (def.) DEFINITION 4 When connective tissues are not fluid anymore TERM 5 4 Characteristics of Blood DEFINITION 5 Viscosity pH Temperature Volume TERM 6 pH of Blood DEFINITION 6 7.35 (veinous) -> 7.45 (arterial because of CO2) TERM 7 Temperature of Blood DEFINITION 7 ~100.4 F * Circulatory System distributes heat throughout the body TERM 8 Volume of Blood DEFINITION 8 4-5L in women and 5-6L in men (varies with body size) TERM 9 Three Functions of Blood DEFINITION 9 Distribution, Regulation, and Protection TERM 10 Distribution of Blood DEFINITION 10 Delivers oxygen Transports hormones and wastes (through capillaries) TERM 21 Precursor of RBCs and other "formed elements" DEFINITION 21 Hemocytoblast * responsible for producing RBC, WBC, and platelets TERM 22 Erythrocyte Production/Homeostasis DEFINITION 22 1) Hypoxia (low o2 stimulates kidney) 2) Kidney/Liver release EPO (Erythropoietin) 3) EPO stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC Result: Increases blood's O2 carrying ability If too much O2, viscosity is too high -> resistance -> raises BP TERM 23 Erythrocyte Destruction DEFINITION 23 1) OLD and damaged RBC passes through and is recognized as being slightly damaged by the SPLEEN, LIVER, and BONE MARROW. 2) RBCs are engulfed by macrophages 3) Hemoglobin is split to Heme and Globin (AA) to be recycled 4) Pulled out of blood circulation TERM 24 Recycled Hemoglobin DEFINITION 24 1) Hemoglobin is split to heme and globin (amino acid) 2) Heme (made of iron and bilirubin) is stored in the liver 3) Bilirubin is converted to BILE in the liver * Bile is excreted into the intestines and leaves the body TERM 25 Erythrocyte Disorders** DEFINITION 25 Polycythemia Thalassemias Anemias: Hemolytic, Hemmorrhagic, Iron-Deficiency, Pernicious, Sickle Cell TERM 26 Polycythemia DEFINITION 26 an increase in the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells- High viscosity and BP TERM 27 Thalassemias DEFINITION 27 Not enough hemoglobin (but enough RBC) TERM 28 Anemia (def.) DEFINITION 28 diminished capacity to carry oxygen Not enough healthy RBC TERM 29 Hemolytic DEFINITION 29 RBCs are broken apart prematurely TERM 30 Hemorrhagic DEFINITION 30 Bleeding, technically known as hemorrhaging, is the loss of blood or blood escape from the circulatory system. TERM 31 Iron Deficiency DEFINITION 31 Not enough iron in RBC TERM 32 Pernicious DEFINITION 32 Vit. B 12 deficiency- necessary for cells in bone marrow to multiply TERM 33 Sickle Cell Anemia DEFINITION 33 genetic disorder of hemoglobin TERM 34 Leukocytes/WBCs (2 groups) DEFINITION 34 Granulocytes and Agranulocytes all reside in bloodbut have the capabilities to leave the blood TERM 35 Granulocytes (3 groups) DEFINITION 35 neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils non-specific immune (will attack any bacteria) "Grainy" TERM 46 Leukocytosis DEFINITION 46 High WBC May be due to response to infection TERM 47 Leukopenia DEFINITION 47 Low WBC Typically drug-induced TERM 48 Leukemia DEFINITION 48 Cancer of producing more and more WBC -> division happens so rapidly tht you run out of WBC, Lifespan on progenetar cells is low -> WBC count decreases and gets too low Bone Marrow depleted Blood System overwhelmed TERM 49 Infectious Mononucleosis DEFINITION 49 B-Cell infection by Epstein-Barr Virus (Viral Infection) Invades lymphocytes (B Cells) responsible of defeating infections but ends up being infected TERM 50 Platelets derive from ___? DEFINITION 50 Hemocytoblast --> Megakaryocyte --> Cell breaks off little fragments of cell membrane and encloses a packet that contains clotting factors * Circulates throughout blood TERM 51 Platelets (Function) DEFINITION 51 Induce Clotting TERM 52 Platelets (Regulated by) DEFINITION 52 Thrombopoietin TERM 53 Production of Thrombopoietin DEFINITION 53 By Liver and Kidneys TERM 54 Most important function of Blood DEFINITION 54 To maintain Volume (Hemostasis) 1) Vascular Spasms 2) Platelet Plug Formation 3) Coagulation TERM 55 Vascular Spasms DEFINITION 55 Immediate response to blood vessel injury Stimulated by: damaged blood vessels, chemicals released by epithelial cells and platelets Reflexes initiated by local pain receptors Smooth muscle surrounding the structure of blood vessels will contract to slow blood flow TERM 56 Platelet Plug Formation DEFINITION 56 Only encounter lining of epithelium blood vessels Stick to collagen, are sticky and adhere to themselves (Positive feedback) TERM 57 Coagulation DEFINITION 57 aka blood clotting (soluble -> insoluble) Body factors from endothelium and platelets form... 1) Prothrombin activator is formed 2) Prothrombin activator converts a plasma protein called prothrombin to thrombin 3) Thrombin catalyzes the joining of fibrinogen in plasma to a fibrin mesh- traps blood cells and seals hole until vessel is repaired TERM 58 Bleeding Disorders DEFINITION 58 Thrombocytopenia Thromboembolic Disorders Hemophilia TERM 59 Thrombocytopenia DEFINITION 59 Deficient circulating platelets; no formation of fibrin; clotting disorder "penia" = low cell count TERM 60 Thromboembolic Disorders DEFINITION 60 Platelets are activated at an undesirable time * thrombus -> clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel * embolus -> free-floating thrombus;clump of platelets can block capillaries * embolism -> Blockage of a vessel caused by an embolus