Term 1: Key Figures in Science, Literature, and History, Quizzes of World History

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TERM 1 Charles Darwin DEFINITION 1 English geologist that believed everything evolves constantly TERM 2 Books of Darwin DEFINITION 2 "Descent of Man" and "Origin of Species" TERM 3 Origin of Species; theory that this supported DEFINITION 3 all plants and animals evolved from earlier/simpler forms of life; organic evolution TERM 4 Descent of Man DEFINITION 4 humans come from animals; written after darwin read embryonic proof of evolution "discovered" by haeckel" TERM 5 natural selection DEFINITION 5 promoted by darwin; survival of the fittest TERM 6 what was darwin's explanation for lack of fossil evidence for evolution DEFINITION 6 there was an incomplete fossil record TERM 7 Wallace DEFINITION 7 Cofounder of darwin's evolution. supported natural selection but not limitless evolution TERM 8 Realism; influential figures DEFINITION 8 new art/literature style that portrayed the common man; Flaubert, Turner, and Lourbet TERM 9 Flaubert's main writing DEFINITION 9 "Madame Bovary"- woman stuck in boring relationship, desires romance in novels, seeks romance through affairs, leads to suicide TERM 10 Turner's main writing DEFINITION 10 "Aves Sin Nido"- Latin American literature; bad living conditions in Peru, blamed on catholic church TERM 21 how did eugenics affect minorities DEFINITION 21 led to sterilization of many minorities TERM 22 zionism; who initiated it DEFINITION 22 jewish nationalist movement to palestine; herzel TERM 23 what was herzel's main writing? Why did he promote zionism? DEFINITION 23 Judenstaat; believed that there should be a single home for jews in israel TERM 24 Impressionism; where did it originate; important figures; did it last long DEFINITION 24 utilization of light and dimension. artists rejected studios and went outside to paint nature directly/accurately; france during 1800s; Monet and Morisot; no, 10 years TERM 25 Post-Impressionism; what was the reason for this movement; important figures DEFINITION 25 Artists didn't want to "copy" nature when they didn't know everything it was made of. This led to "painting from the mind"; Pablo Picasso, Van Gogh, and Kandinsky TERM 26 Cubism DEFINITION 26 Post-Impressionism art. Utilized geometric designs. Pablo Picasso used this. TERM 27 Abstract Painting DEFINITION 27 Idea that art should speak to the soul and avoid any visual reality. Concentrate mainly on lines and color. Kandinsky was a main founder. TERM 28 Architectural Changes During the Revolution DEFINITION 28 invention of the elevator led to construction of taller buildings such as skyscrapers. Frank Lloyd Wright is credited with the idea of prarie houses (ex. home built into waterfall) TERM 29 High Tide of Imperialism DEFINITION 29 "Power over peoples"; Euros/Americans have increasing industry with increasing need for raw materials for their factories. Factories are also producing too much for homeland markets to handle so they need foreign colonies to sell their goods. TERM 30 what allows people to take what they want during industrial revolution DEFINITION 30 technology TERM 31 Examples of areas that british took during industrial revolution DEFINITION 31 india, pakistan, bangladesh, etc. TERM 32 White Man's Burden DEFINITION 32 poem that speaks about white people's "superiority". TERM 33 The Fall of the House of Usher DEFINITION 33 Man is mumbling words about a woman who is dead. Her ghost shows up in the room. TERM 34 "Minute on Education" DEFINITION 34 Debate whether schools in India should be in their home language or in English TERM 35 Nguyen Dynasty DEFINITION 35 establish in vietnam; french attack and eventually overthrow the dynasty and also gain cambodia/loas (FrenchIndoChina) TERM 46 Boers during Euro colonization DEFINITION 46 Travel away from english colonies and establish Transvaal. TERM 47 Battle of Blood River DEFINITION 47 Boers ran into Zulus while travelling away from colonies. Signed a peace treaty. Zulus still attacked but Boers eventually won. TERM 48 "A Personal Account" DEFINITION 48 Black man who experienced whit rulers' terrible treatment towards them. They established peace but still died of starvation and disease TERM 49 Cecil Rhodes DEFINITION 49 Wanted to unite africa under britain. British show up at Boer territory when gold/diamonds are discovered and boers don't like it. Cecil used this to cause trouble. -> anglo-boer war. TERM 50 Anglo-Boer War DEFINITION 50 british make mistake of taking high ground with their shiny helmets. Allowed boers, who were good shots, to target them easily. TERM 51 second anglo-boer war DEFINITION 51 cecil is still behind it. boers take british armymen's families and put them in concentration camps. TERM 52 Emily Hobbhouse DEFINITION 52 writes about the concentration camps during 2nd anglo-boer war. TERM 53 Sepoys DEFINITION 53 indian troops hired by East India Company to be in service in Brit. territory TERM 54 sepoy rebellion DEFINITION 54 sepoys were given weapons with amo that had a coating of pork fat. Sepoys were muslim and were infuriated by britain's inconsiderate actions. Sepoys out# brits but due to poor leadership and the gurkahs the sepoys weren't successful. TERM 55 "Liberation of Women" DEFINITION 55 defends/describes europe's ways and reasons for taking over land. Ends with the woman's lack of privilege/respect as a major setback for europe's advances TERM 56 union of south africa DEFINITION 56 when british defeated boers in boer war, brits agreed to the union of south africa. combined cape colony and natal with boer republic. run by white people TERM 57 william carey DEFINITION 57 poor missionary with a gift for language. went to india despite the rule against evangelism. learned language, translated bible, established a college, made some converts, put an end to sati, and legalized remarriage for widows TERM 58 opium's role for brit DEFINITION 58 used by britain to fix the balance-of-payments with china TERM 59 Lin Zexu DEFINITION 59 chinese official hired to stop opium trade. TERM 60 Opium War DEFINITION 60 lasted 3 years; demonstrated brit's superior firepower and military tactics. TERM 71 Townsend Harris DEFINITION 71 Sent to Japan as U.S. representative to push for trade. Said that the world was like one big family because of the steam boats and that they should trade more to have more interaction. TERM 72 "Opening of Japan" DEFINITION 72 Japan opens up more trade to west. Southern japan doesn't like it and fires at an american ship. americans "win" and a revolt against the tokugawa shogunate breaks out. tokugawa overthrown. TERM 73 Matthew C. Perry DEFINITION 73 Americans get horrible treatment from Japanese during trade. Perry goes to Japan with war ships and a letter from the president stating that they wanted better treatment and more trade. Japanese see the canons on the boats and decide to offer more trade so that they can become more educated on the weapons TERM 74 Meiji Restoration DEFINITION 74 Japan wanted a parliament/constitution. They picked the german gov't to model after because it didn't give the leader too much power. Modeled educational system after America's. Also took over territory demonstrating the western influence. Began westernization and peasant army which lead to a samurai revolt. TERM 75 Trans-Siberian Railroad DEFINITION 75 railroad that ran from moscow to port arthur. TERM 76 Russo-Japanese War DEFINITION 76 Russians transported weapons on the trans-siberian railroad which took a long time. Baltic fleet had to sail around africa which took too long. Japanese defeated russians and also ambushed the ships that were too late. TERM 77 Jacob Schiff DEFINITION 77 banker that financed Japan during war. Reason why japan had good weaponry.