Term 1: Historical and Political Concepts and Movements, Quizzes of World History

Download Term 1: Historical and Political Concepts and Movements and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 kulaks DEFINITION 1 Kulaks "fist", by extension "tight-fisted"; kurkuls in Ukraine, also used in Russian texts (in Ukrainian contexts) were a category of relatively affluent farmers in the later Russian Empire, Soviet Russia, and early Soviet Union. TERM 2 Great Purges DEFINITION 2 The Great Purge was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938. It involved a large-scale purge of the Communist Party and government officials, repression of peasants and the Red Army leadership, and widespread police surveillance, suspicion of "saboteurs", imprisonment, and arbitrary executions. TERM 3 Five Year Plans DEFINITION 3 any plan for national economic or industrial development specifying goals to be reached within a period of five years Plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the development of the Soviet Union's economy. TERM 4 Satyagraha DEFINITION 4 Satyagraha, loosely translated as "insistence on truth" (satya "truth"; agraha "insistence") or holding onto truth or truth force, is a particular philosophy and practice within the broader overall category generally known as nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. TERM 5 Basic Law DEFINITION 5 The termbasic lawis used in some places as an alternative to "constitution", implying it is atemporary but necessary measurewithout formal enactment of constitution. TERM 6 Pan African Congresses DEFINITION 6 Led by W.E.B DuBois. Series of Meetings (first in 1919) meant to address the issues facing Africa as a result of European, particularly French colonization. TERM 7 Grand Apartheid DEFINITION 7 a form of apartheid, prevalent in the 1960s and 1970s, that involved comprehensive racial segregation and measures such as the removal of black people from white areas and the creation of black homelands.the homelands were not taken care of with no education and a low employment rate. labeled white, black, Colored, indian.Group areas act- 1950s forced andpromoted resettlement.separation of these groups. TERM 8 Blitzkrieg DEFINITION 8 German word for lightening war. All and out attack with constant explosions from the air and land. TERM 9 Mein Kampf DEFINITION 9 Book writen by Hitler where he outlines his beliefs: Germans are a superior race, The Treaty of Versailles treated Germany unfairly and that a crowed Germany needed the lands of Eastern Europe and Russia TERM 10 Appeasement DEFINITION 10 practice of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war TERM 21 Guernica DEFINITION 21 Guernica is a mural-sized oil painting on canvas by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso completed by June 1937. The painting, which uses a palette of gray, black, and white, is known as one of the most moving and powerful anti-war paintings in history TERM 22 Rectification DEFINITION 22 Rectification Movement,Zheng FengorCheng Fengwas the first deceptive ideology movement initiated by the Communist Party of China. It was initially presented as a positive "rectification" opportunity. It soon transformed into a campaign against intellectuals replacing the May Fourth Movement culture with that of Communist culture. TERM 23 "Spear of the Nation" DEFINITION 23 Spear of the Nation") was the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC), co-founded by Nelson Mandela in the wake of the Sharpeville massacre. they use direct action against apartheid. 1960s. trained in bases in neighboring countries. TERM 24 F.W. DeKlerk DEFINITION 24 Frederik Willem de Klerk ( born 18 March 1936) is a South African politician who served as the country's State President from September 1989 to May 1994. he worked with Nelson Mandela to successfully end the country's apartheid system of racial segregation. last white leader in southAfrica. grants a pardon to alljailed leaders.legitimizes groups like the ANC TERM 25 Cultural Revolution DEFINITION 25 The Cultural Revolution, formally the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a social-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 until 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to preserve 'true' Communist ideology in the country by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society, and to re-impose Maoist thought as the dominant ideology within the Party. TERM 26 Washington Naval Conference DEFINITION 26 The Washington Naval Conference, also called the Washington Arms Conference or the Washington Disarmament Conference, was a military conference called by President Warren G.More formally known as the International Conference on Naval Limitation, the Washington Naval Conference was a disarmament effort occasioned by the hugely expensive naval construction rivalry that existed among Britain, Japan and theUnited States TERM 27 Pol Pot DEFINITION 27 Cambodian communist leader of the Khmer Rouge Pol Pot was born on May 19, 1925 (some sources say 1928) in Kampong Thom Province, Cambodia. He was suspected of killing thousands of civilians during his reign. Mass graves he commanded his people to dig were often referred to as "The Killing Fields." TERM 28 Kellog- Briand Pact DEFINITION 28 an agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928. Sometimes called the Pact of Paris for the city in which it was signed, the pact was one of many international efforts to prevent another World War, but it had little effect in stopping the rising militarism of the 1930s or preventing World War II. TERM 29 Neville Chamberlin DEFINITION 29 Neville Chamberlain was the British prime minister as England entered World War II. He is known for his policy of "appeasement" toward Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany.